{"description":"Documents matching 'bachelor degree engineering supply chain'","count":85,"total_pages":5,"next_page_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents?conditions%5Bterm%5D=bachelor+degree+engineering+supply+chain&format=json&page=2","results":[{"title":"Labor Certification for Permanent Employment of Foreign Workers in the United States; Modernizing Schedule A To Include Consideration of Additional Occupations in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and Non-STEM Occupations","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The Department of Labor's (Department or DOL) Employment and Training Administration (ETA) is considering revisions to Schedule A of the permanent labor certification process to include occupations in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and other non- STEM occupations and invites employers and other interested parties to comment on this Request for Information (RFI). ETA's Office of Foreign Labor Certification developed this RFI and is publishing it for comment so that the public may provide input, including data, statistical metrics or models, studies, and other relevant information, on how the Department may establish a reliable, objective, and transparent methodology for revising Schedule A to include STEM and other non-STEM occupations that are experiencing labor shortages, consistent with requirements of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The Department wants to ensure that it is striking an appropriate balance between the need to provide U.S. workers notice of available permanent job opportunities and the opportunity to apply for those job opportunities, and, where insufficient U.S. workers are available to satisfy an employer's need for permanent labor, the need to provide employers access to foreign labor through effective administration of the permanent labor certification program. Information received from the public will help inform decisions regarding whether or how to improve Schedule A and ensure that its purpose in responding to national labor shortages is more effectively met.","document_number":"2023-27938","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/12/21/2023-27938/labor-certification-for-permanent-employment-of-foreign-workers-in-the-united-states-modernizing","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-21/pdf/2023-27938.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-27938.pdf?1703079919","publication_date":"2023-12-21","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","name":"Labor Department","id":271,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/labor-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/271","parent_id":null,"slug":"labor-department"},{"raw_name":"Employment and Training Administration","name":"Employment and Training Administration","id":133,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/employment-and-training-administration","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/133","parent_id":271,"slug":"employment-and-training-administration"}],"excerpts":"did not require a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>.\n 46 \n \n As a result, the NSB suggested to broaden the definition of STEM to include workers without a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> who are employed in S&amp;E, S&amp;E-related, and non-STEM middle-skill occupations.\n 47 \n \n The NSB also argued that building a STEM workforce demanded expanding the definition of STEM to include middle-skill occupations, such as construction, extraction, and production, pointing out that the 2019 ACS survey that finds nearly 20 million STEM workers without a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> worked in middle-skill"},{"title":"Accountability in Higher Education and Access Through Demand- Driven Workforce Pell: Student Tuition and Transparency System (STATS) and Earnings Accountability","type":"Rule","abstract":"The Secretary of Education (Secretary) amends the regulations governing institutional eligibility, general provisions, and the William D. Ford Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program under title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965, as amended (the title IV, HEA programs) to implement statutory changes to the title IV, HEA programs included in the Working Families Tax Cuts Act (WFTCA) signed into law by President Trump on July 4, 2025. These changes include revisions to program eligibility requirements for the Direct Loan program and the introduction of an earnings accountability framework that limits Direct Loan eligibility to programs whose graduates meet certain earnings benchmarks. This action finalizes regulations to implement the provisions of the WFTCA related to low-earning outcome programs and the Direct Loan program, and to harmonize those regulations with requirements for programs that are required to lead to gainful employment (GE programs).","document_number":"2026-13286","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/01/2026-13286/accountability-in-higher-education-and-access-through-demand--driven-workforce-pell-student-tuition","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-07-01/pdf/2026-13286.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-13286.pdf?1782823517","publication_date":"2026-07-01","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","name":"Education Department","id":126,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/education-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/126","parent_id":null,"slug":"education-department"}],"excerpts":"at least a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> are asked to name their <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> major in a separate question, the category for individuals whose highest level of education is a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> strictly pulls individuals whose highest level of education is a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>. Joining a higher-level category would mean departing the lower-level category. The individual in the commenter's example would not be counted in ACS data as an individual holding only a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> in history because they hold a higher <span class=\"match\">degree</span> than a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, and therefore"},{"title":"Weighted Selection Process for Registrants and Petitioners Seeking To File Cap-Subject H-1B Petitions","type":"Rule","abstract":"The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is amending its regulations governing the process by which U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) selects H-1B registrations for unique beneficiaries for filing of H-1B cap-subject petitions (or H-1B petitions for any year in which the registration requirement is suspended). Through this rule, DHS is implementing a weighted selection process that will generally favor the allocation of H-1B visas to higher-skilled and higher-paid aliens, while maintaining the opportunity for employers to secure H-1B workers at all wage levels, to better serve the congressional intent for the H-1B program. This rule will be effective in time for the FY 2027 registration season.","document_number":"2025-23853","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/29/2025-23853/weighted-selection-process-for-registrants-and-petitioners-seeking-to-file-cap-subject-h-1b","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-29/pdf/2025-23853.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-23853.pdf?1766497516","publication_date":"2025-12-29","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY","name":"Homeland Security Department","id":227,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/homeland-security-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/227","parent_id":null,"slug":"homeland-security-department"}],"excerpts":" workers with STEM <span class=\"match\">degrees</span> or pursuing such <span class=\"match\">degrees</span> who are seeking employment in these fields.\n 35 \n \n \n \n \n 33 \n  \n See, e.g., \n Adam Hardy, Money, Recent College Grads are Discovering That a STEM <span class=\"match\">Degree</span> Doesn't Guarantee a Stable Job (May 30, 2025), \n https://money.com/college-grads-stem-<span class=\"match\">degrees</span>-unemployed/ \n (citing data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and separate data from the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) reflecting declining career prospects for U.S. graduates with <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degrees</span> in certain STEM majors"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Program","type":"Rule","abstract":"With this final rule, DoD establishes the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Program in order to verify contractors have implemented required security measures necessary to safeguard Federal Contract Information (FCI) and Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI). The mechanisms discussed in this rule will allow the Department to confirm a defense contractor or subcontractor has implemented the security requirements for a specified CMMC level and is maintaining that status (meaning level and assessment type) across the contract period of performance. This rule will be updated as needed, using the appropriate rulemaking process, to address evolving cybersecurity standards, requirements, threats, and other relevant changes.","document_number":"2024-22905","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/10/15/2024-22905/cybersecurity-maturity-model-certification-cmmc-program","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-10-15/pdf/2024-22905.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-22905.pdf?1728650732","publication_date":"2024-10-15","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE","name":"Defense Department","id":103,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/defense-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/103","parent_id":null,"slug":"defense-department"},{"raw_name":"Office of the Secretary"}],"excerpts":"for definitions. \n (h) NIST SP 800-160, Volume 2, titled “Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security <span class=\"match\">Engineering</span> Approach,” Revision 1, December 2021 (NIST SP 800-160 V2R1), focuses on cyber resiliency <span class=\"match\">engineering</span>—an emerging specialty systems <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> discipline applied in conjunction with systems security <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> and resilience <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> to develop survivable, trustworthy secure systems. Cyber resiliency <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> intends to architect, design, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain the trustworthiness of systems with the"},{"title":"Child Nutrition Programs: Meal Patterns Consistent With the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans","type":"Rule","abstract":"This rulemaking finalizes long-term school nutrition requirements based on the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, robust stakeholder input, and lessons learned from prior rulemakings. Notably, this rulemaking gradually phases in added sugars limits for the school lunch and breakfast programs and in the Child and Adult Care Food Program, updates total sugars limits for breakfast cereals and yogurt to added sugars limits. As a reflection of feedback from stakeholders, this final rule implements a single sodium reduction in the school lunch and breakfast programs and commits to studying the potential associations between sodium reduction and student participation in the school lunch and breakfast programs. This rulemaking addresses a variety of other school meal requirements, including establishing long-term milk and whole grain requirements. Finally, this rule includes provisions that strengthen Buy American requirements. While this rulemaking takes effect school year 2024-2025, the Department is gradually phasing in required changes over time. Program operators are not required to make any changes to their menus as a result of this rulemaking until school year 2025-2026 at the earliest.","document_number":"2024-08098","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/25/2024-08098/child-nutrition-programs-meal-patterns-consistent-with-the-2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-for","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-04-25/pdf/2024-08098.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-08098.pdf?1713962726","publication_date":"2024-04-25","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE","name":"Agriculture Department","id":12,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/agriculture-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/12","parent_id":null,"slug":"agriculture-department"},{"raw_name":"Food and Nutrition Service","name":"Food and Nutrition Service","id":200,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/food-and-nutrition-service","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/200","parent_id":12,"slug":"food-and-nutrition-service"}],"excerpts":"pre-pandemic rates, but it is difficult to know how long the <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span> disruptions and \n \n staffing challenges will continue. A variety of Executive orders and plans within the Federal Government have been employed to track and address <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span> disruptions, as well as a task force with a focus on <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span> issues.\n 150 \n \n The U.S. Department of Transportation reported improvements in <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span> disruption in early 2022, but there are still existing stressors in the U.S. <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span>.\n 151 152 \n \n Unemployment levels have returned to pre-pandemic"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Program","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"DoD is proposing to establish requirements for a comprehensive and scalable assessment mechanism to ensure defense contractors and subcontractors have, as part of the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Program, implemented required security measures to expand application of existing security requirements for Federal Contract Information (FCI) and add new Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) security requirements for certain priority programs. DoD currently requires covered defense contractors and subcontractors to implement the security protections set forth in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800-171 Rev 2 to provide adequate security for sensitive unclassified DoD information that is processed, stored, or transmitted on contractor information systems and to document their implementation status, including any plans of action for any NIST SP 800-171 Rev 2 requirement not yet implemented, in a System Security Plan (SSP). The CMMC Program provides the Department the mechanism needed to verify that a defense contractor or subcontractor has implemented the security requirements at each CMMC Level and is maintaining that status across the contract period of performance, as required.","document_number":"2023-27280","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/12/26/2023-27280/cybersecurity-maturity-model-certification-cmmc-program","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-26/pdf/2023-27280.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-27280.pdf?1703252717","publication_date":"2023-12-26","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE","name":"Defense Department","id":103,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/defense-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/103","parent_id":null,"slug":"defense-department"},{"raw_name":"Office of the Secretary"}],"excerpts":"as a source for definitions. \n (h) NIST SP 800-160, Volume 2, revision 1, titled “Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security <span class=\"match\">Engineering</span> Approach” focuses on cyber resiliency <span class=\"match\">engineering</span>—an emerging specialty systems <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> discipline applied in conjunction with systems security <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> and resilience <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> to develop survivable, trustworthy secure systems. Cyber resiliency <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> intends to architect, design, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain the trustworthiness of systems with the capability to anticipate"},{"title":"Fuels Regulatory Streamlining Sampling and Testing Updates","type":"Rule","abstract":"This action finalizes revisions, updates, and corrections to EPA's streamlined fuel quality regulations. This action does not change the stringency of the existing fuel quality standards.","document_number":"2024-31218","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/15/2024-31218/fuels-regulatory-streamlining-sampling-and-testing-updates","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-01-15/pdf/2024-31218.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-31218.pdf?1736862321","publication_date":"2025-01-15","agencies":[{"raw_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","id":145,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/environmental-protection-agency","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/145","parent_id":null,"slug":"environmental-protection-agency"}],"excerpts":"eastern boundary and Weld County's western boundary intersected by 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 42 minutes, and 47.1 seconds north latitude, proceed west to a point defined by the intersection of 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 42 minutes, 47.1 seconds north latitude and 105 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 29 minutes, and 40.0 seconds west longitude, thence proceed south on 105 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 29 minutes, 40.0 seconds west longitude to the intersection with 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 33 minutes and 17.4 seconds north latitude, thence proceed west on 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 33 minutes, 17.4 seconds north latitude until this line intersects"},{"title":"Modernizing H-1B Requirements, Providing Flexibility in the F-1 Program, and Program Improvements Affecting Other Nonimmigrant Workers","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) proposes to amend its regulations governing H-1B specialty occupation workers to modernize and improve the efficiency of the H-1B program, add benefits and flexibilities, and improve integrity measures. Some of the proposed provisions would narrowly impact other nonimmigrant classifications, including: H-2, H-3, F-1, L-1, O, P, Q-1, R-1, E-3, and TN. DHS intends to finalize the proposals contained in this rulemaking through one or more final rules, depending on agency resources.","document_number":"2023-23381","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/23/2023-23381/modernizing-h-1b-requirements-providing-flexibility-in-the-f-1-program-and-program-improvements","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-10-23/pdf/2023-23381.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-23381.pdf?1697806044","publication_date":"2023-10-23","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY","name":"Homeland Security Department","id":227,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/homeland-security-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/227","parent_id":null,"slug":"homeland-security-department"}],"excerpts":"\n  The requirement of any <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> could include, for example, a chemical <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, marine <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, mining <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or any other <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> in a multitude of seemingly unrelated fields.\n \n \n \n \n 25 \n  These examples refer to the educational credentials by the title of the <span class=\"match\">degree</span> for expediency. However, USCIS separately evaluates whether the beneficiary's actual course of study is directly related to the duties of the position, rather than merely the title of the <span class=\"match\">degree</span>. When applicable, USCIS also"},{"title":"The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule III for Model Years 2022 to 2031 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"NHTSA, on behalf of the Department of Transportation (DOT), proposes to substantially recalibrate the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program to realign this program with Congressional intent. That recalibration includes proposing to amend DOT's fuel economy standards for light-duty vehicles for model years (MYs) 2022- 2026 and MYs 2027-2031. Consistent with statutory requirements, the fuel economy standards proposed in this rule are founded on light-duty vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel fuels, a category that includes non-plug-in hybrid vehicles. In formulating the proposed standards, NHTSA has not considered, consistent with law, the imputed fuel-economy performance of battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) or the electric operation of vehicles that use plug-in hybrid electric powertrains, nor compliance credits or adjustments to the two-cycle fuel economy test procedures to account for air conditioning and off-cycle technologies. NHTSA also is proposing to eliminate the inter-manufacturer credit trading system and to amend the light-duty vehicle fleet classification system to allocate vehicles into passenger and non-passenger automobile fleets appropriately, based on their attributes and capabilities, starting in MY 2028. Elimination of unlawful considerations, combined with several of the proposed changes, would significantly improve the capabilities of manufacturers to meet fuel economy standards, better align the program with Congressional intent, and reduce manufacturer incentives to design vehicles and add features that are not desired by American consumers and that have questionable real-world fuel economy benefits. NHTSA is therefore proposing to set fuel economy standards that increase from newly proposed MY 2022 standards at a rate of 0.5 percent per year through MY 2026, followed by 0.25 percent per year through MY 2031, with MY 2027 stringency established as a bridge between the two sets of standards. The reduced stringency increases in later years, coupled with a reevaluation of the coefficients that define the functions governing fuel economy standards, are intended to establish maximum feasible standards in a manner that gains real-world fuel-economy-benefits, while enabling the industry to adapt to the proposed substantial recalibration of the CAFE program. NHTSA projects that the amended standards would correspond to the industry fleetwide average for all light-duty vehicles of roughly 34.5 miles per gallon (mpg) in MY 2031.","document_number":"2025-22014","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/05/2025-22014/the-safer-affordable-fuel-efficient-safe-vehicles-rule-iii-for-model-years-2022-to-2031-passenger","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-05/pdf/2025-22014.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-22014.pdf?1764855918","publication_date":"2025-12-05","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION","name":"Transportation Department","id":492,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/transportation-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/492","parent_id":null,"slug":"transportation-department"},{"raw_name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","id":345,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-highway-traffic-safety-administration","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/345","parent_id":492,"slug":"national-highway-traffic-safety-administration"}],"excerpts":"and from meetings conducted before the commencement of this proposed rule; and NHTSA's own <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> judgment. NHTSA uses the term “<span class=\"match\">engineering</span> judgment” throughout this rulemaking to refer to decisions made by a team of NHTSA engineers and analysts. This judgment is based on their experience working in the automotive industry and other relevant fields and assessment of all the data sources described above. Most importantly, the agency uses <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> judgment to assess how best to represent vehicle manufacturers' potential responses to different"},{"title":"Applications for New Awards; Perkins Innovation and Modernization Grant Program","type":"Notice","abstract":"The Department of Education (ED or Department) is issuing a notice inviting applications for new awards for fiscal year (FY) 2023 for the Perkins Innovation and Modernization (PIM) grant program, Assistance Listing Number 84.051F. This notice relates to the approved information collection under OMB control number 1830-0583.","document_number":"2023-17226","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/14/2023-17226/applications-for-new-awards-perkins-innovation-and-modernization-grant-program","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-08-14/pdf/2023-17226.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-17226.pdf?1691757921","publication_date":"2023-08-14","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","name":"Education Department","id":126,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/education-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/126","parent_id":null,"slug":"education-department"}],"excerpts":"serving secondary school students. \n (3) An area CTE school or a consortium of such schools. \n (4) An Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Tribal educational agency. \n (5) An IHE whose most common <span class=\"match\">degree</span> awarded is an associate <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or a consortium of such institutions. \n (6) An IHE whose most common <span class=\"match\">degree</span> awarded is a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> or higher <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or a consortium of such institutions. \n (7) An SEA. \n \n (b) One or more business or industry representative partners, which may include representatives of local or regional businesses or industries"},{"title":"Fuels Regulatory Streamlining Amendments","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"This action proposes revisions, updates, and corrections to EPA's streamlined fuel quality regulations. This action does not propose to change the stringency of the existing fuel quality standards.","document_number":"2024-18773","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/28/2024-18773/fuels-regulatory-streamlining-amendments","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-08-28/pdf/2024-18773.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-18773.pdf?1724762714","publication_date":"2024-08-28","agencies":[{"raw_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","id":145,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/environmental-protection-agency","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/145","parent_id":null,"slug":"environmental-protection-agency"}],"excerpts":"eastern boundary and Weld County's western boundary intersected by 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 42 minutes, and 47.1 seconds north latitude, proceed west to a point defined by the intersection of 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 42 minutes, 47.1 seconds north latitude and 105 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 29 minutes, and 40.0 seconds west longitude, thence proceed south on 105 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 29 minutes, 40.0 seconds west longitude to the intersection with 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 33 minutes and 17.4 seconds north latitude, thence proceed west on 40 <span class=\"match\">degrees</span>, 33 minutes, 17.4 seconds north latitude until this line intersects"},{"title":"Cybersecurity in the Marine Transportation System","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The Coast Guard proposes to update its maritime security regulations by adding regulations specifically focused on establishing minimum cybersecurity requirements for U.S.-flagged vessels, Outer Continental Shelf facilities, and U.S. facilities subject to the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 regulations. This proposed rule would help to address current and emerging cybersecurity threats in the marine transportation system. We seek your comments on this proposed rule and whether we should: use and define the term reportable cyber incident to limit cyber incidents that trigger reporting requirements, use alternative methods of reporting such incidents, and amend the definition of hazardous condition.","document_number":"2024-03075","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/22/2024-03075/cybersecurity-in-the-marine-transportation-system","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-02-22/pdf/2024-03075.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-03075.pdf?1708523113","publication_date":"2024-02-22","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY","name":"Homeland Security Department","id":227,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/homeland-security-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/227","parent_id":null,"slug":"homeland-security-department"},{"raw_name":"Coast Guard","name":"Coast Guard","id":53,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/coast-guard","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/53","parent_id":227,"slug":"coast-guard"}],"excerpts":"101.650 Paragraph (f): <span class=\"match\">Supply</span> <span class=\"match\">Chain</span> \n \n This proposed paragraph would include provisions to specify measures to manage cybersecurity risks in the <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span>. Legitimate third-party contractors and vendors may inadvertently provide a means of attack or vectors that allow malicious actors to exploit vulnerabilities within the <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span>. Section 1.1 of the NIST CSF emphasizes managing cybersecurity risks in the <span class=\"match\">supply</span> <span class=\"match\">chain</span> as part of the “Identify” function.\n 52 \n \n \n \n \n 52 \n  NIST CSF, Version 1.1, “ID.SC: <span class=\"match\">Supply</span> <span class=\"match\">Chain</span> Risk Management,” \n https://csf"},{"title":"Risk-Informed, Technology-Inclusive Regulatory Framework for Advanced Reactors","type":"Rule","abstract":"The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is amending its regulations by adding a risk-informed, performance-based, and technology-inclusive regulatory framework for commercial nuclear plants in response to the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (NEIMA). The current application and licensing requirements were primarily developed to address license requests concerning light water- cooled reactors and operational requirements for those types of reactors. This final rule responds to NEIMA by creating an alternative, technology-inclusive regulatory framework to accommodate licensing of future commercial nuclear plants, including advanced reactor designs that may not employ light-water technology.","document_number":"2026-06048","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/30/2026-06048/risk-informed-technology-inclusive-regulatory-framework-for-advanced-reactors","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-03-30/pdf/2026-06048.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-06048.pdf?1774615514","publication_date":"2026-03-30","agencies":[{"raw_name":"NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION","name":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","id":383,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/nuclear-regulatory-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/383","parent_id":null,"slug":"nuclear-regulatory-commission"}],"excerpts":"and comply with the following:\n \n (1) The staffing plan must include a description of how <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> expertise will be available to the on-shift operating personnel during all plant conditions, to assist if they encounter a situation not covered by procedures or training. <span class=\"match\">Engineering</span> expertise includes familiarity with the operation of the plant for which the expertise is provided and one of the following: \n (i) A <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> in <span class=\"match\">engineering</span>, <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> technology, or physical science from an institution accredited by a U.S. Government recognized"},{"title":"Final Priorities, Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria-Perkins Innovation and Modernization Grant Program","type":"Rule","abstract":"The Department of Education (Department) announces priorities, requirements, definitions, and selection criteria for the Perkins Innovation and Modernization (PIM) grant program, Assistance Listing Number 84.051F. The Department may use the priorities, requirements, definitions, and selection criteria for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2023 and later years. We take this action to support grant competitions that will identify strong and well-designed projects that incorporate evidence-based and innovative strategies and activities to improve student success in secondary education, postsecondary education, and careers.","document_number":"2023-17227","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/14/2023-17227/final-priorities-requirements-definitions-and-selection-criteria-perkins-innovation-and","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-08-14/pdf/2023-17227.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-17227.pdf?1691757921","publication_date":"2023-08-14","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","name":"Education Department","id":126,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/education-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/126","parent_id":null,"slug":"education-department"}],"excerpts":"attain any postsecondary credits and at least 12 postsecondary credits in a program of study that culminates with an associate, <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span>, or advanced <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or completion of a Registered Apprenticeship Program.\n \n We modified the dual or concurrent enrollment component of Priority 1 to specify that these postsecondary credits must be part of a program of study that culminates with an associate, <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span>, or advanced <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or completion of a Registered Apprenticeship Program. In addition, we made several conforming changes to Priority 1 to reflect"},{"title":"Supporting the Head Start Workforce and Consistent Quality Programming","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"We propose to add new requirements to the Head Start Program Performance Standards (HSPPS) to support and stabilize the Head Start workforce, including requirements for wages and benefits, breaks for staff, and enhanced supports for staff health and wellness. We also propose to enhance several existing requirements and add new requirements to promote consistent quality of services across Head Start programs. This includes proposed enhancements to requirements for mental health services to better integrate these services into every aspect of programs as well as elevate the role of mental health consultation to support the well-being of children, families, and staff. Enhancements are also proposed in the areas of family service, worker family assignments, identifying and meeting community needs, ensuring child safety, services for pregnant women and people, and alignment with State early childhood systems. Finally, we propose minor clarifications to existing standards to promote better transparency and clarity of understanding for grant recipients.","document_number":"2023-25038","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/20/2023-25038/supporting-the-head-start-workforce-and-consistent-quality-programming","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-11-20/pdf/2023-25038.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-25038.pdf?1700083040","publication_date":"2023-11-20","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Administration for Children and Families","name":"Children and Families Administration","id":49,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/children-and-families-administration","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/49","parent_id":221,"slug":"children-and-families-administration"}],"excerpts":"supporting the development of enrolled children. Therefore, if a home visitor holds a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> and similar experience as a lead teacher with a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, the program should consider compensating this home visitor at a similar level as a lead teacher. However, if a home visitor holds an associate <span class=\"match\">degree</span> and a few years of experience, the program could reasonably compensate the home visitor at an amount below an experienced teacher with a <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, with an expectation of salary growth as the home visitor gains experience. As another"},{"title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment and Coverage Policies; Medicare Shared Savings Program Requirements; and Medicare Prescription Drug Inflation Rebate Program","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"This major proposed rule addresses: changes to the physician fee schedule (PFS); other changes to Medicare Part B payment policies to ensure that payment systems are updated to reflect changes in medical practice, relative value of services, and changes in the statute; codification of establishment of new policies for: the Medicare Prescription Drug Inflation Rebate Program under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022; the Ambulatory Specialty Model; updates to the Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program expanded model; updates to drugs and biological products paid under Part B; Medicare Shared Savings Program requirements; updates to the Quality Payment Program; updates to policies for Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers update to the Ambulance Fee Schedule regulations; codification of the Inflation Reduction Act and Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 provisions; updates to the Medicare Promoting Interoperability Program.","document_number":"2025-13271","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/16/2025-13271/medicare-and-medicaid-programs-cy-2026-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-07-16/pdf/2025-13271.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-13271.pdf?1752524111","publication_date":"2025-07-16","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"component of the SA045 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The post-mydriatic spectacles (SB059) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.328 as a component of the SA082 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The y-adapter cap (SD367) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.352 as a component of the SA049 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The ortho-phthalaldehyde 0.55 percent (for example, Cidex OPA) (SM030) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.554 as a component of the SA042 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; and \n • The ortho-phthalaldehyde test strips (SM031) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $1.556 as a component of the SA042 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack. \n The new <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack component items were"},{"title":"Financial Value Transparency and Gainful Employment (GE), Financial Responsibility, Administrative Capability, Certification Procedures, Ability to Benefit (ATB)","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The Secretary is proposing new regulations to promote transparency, competence, stability, and effective outcomes for students in the provision of postsecondary education. Using the terminology of past regulatory proposals, these regulations seek to make improvements in the areas of gainful employment (GE); financial value transparency; financial responsibility; administrative capability; certification procedures; and Ability to Benefit (ATB).","document_number":"2023-09647","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/05/19/2023-09647/financial-value-transparency-and-gainful-employment-ge-financial-responsibility-administrative","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-05-19/pdf/2023-09647.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-09647.pdf?1684413923","publication_date":"2023-05-19","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","name":"Education Department","id":126,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/education-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/126","parent_id":null,"slug":"education-department"}],"excerpts":"PEPS control data as of March 25, 2022.\n \n \n • \n Credential level: \n A program's credential level—undergraduate certificate, associate <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, post-baccalaureate certificate, master's <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, doctoral <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, first professional <span class=\"match\">degree</span>, or post-graduate certificate.\n \n \n • \n Institution predominant <span class=\"match\">degree</span>: \n The type designation for a program's institution which is based on the predominant <span class=\"match\">degree</span> the institution awarded in IPEDS and reported in the College Scorecard: less than 2 years, 2 years, and 4 years or more.\n \n \n • \n State:"},{"title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to the Atlantic Shores South Project Offshore of New Jersey","type":"Rule","abstract":"In accordance with the regulations implementing the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), as amended, the National Marine Fisheries Service (hereafter, \"NMFS\") promulgates regulations to govern the incidental taking of marine mammals by Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Project 1, LLC, the project company of the original applicant, Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC, a joint venture between EDF-RE Offshore Development LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of EDF Renewables, Inc.) and Shell New Energies US LLC, during the construction of the Atlantic Shores South Project (hereafter, \"Atlantic Shores South\" or the \"Project\"), an offshore wind energy project located in Federal and State waters offshore of New Jersey, specifically within the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (hereafter, \"BOEM\") Commercial Lease of Submerged Lands for Renewable Energy Development on the Outer Continental Shelf (hereafter, \"OCS\") Lease Areas OCS-A-0499 and OCS- A-0570 (hereafter, \"Lease Areas\") and along export cable routes to sea-to-shore transition points. The Project will be divided into 2 projects in 2 areas: Project 1 and Project 2 (the combined hereafter referred to as the \"Project Area\"), over the course of 5 years (January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2029). Of note, the proposed rule for this action named only OCS-A-0499 and the parent company, Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind LLC, with 2 subsidiaries who control each component of the Project (i.e., Project 1 is controlled by Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Project 1, LLC, and Project 2 is controlled by Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Project 2, LLC). However, after publication of the proposed rule, Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind LLC notified NMFS that this rulemaking should be issued for Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Project 1, LLC (\"Project Company 1\"). Furthermore, Project Company 1 now maintains ownership of both Project 1 and Project 2, rather than 2 separate subsidiaries for each of Project 1 and Project 2. As a result of this, the applicant requested that the Letter of Authorization (hereafter, \"LOA\"), if issued, be issued to Project Company 1, which would oversee the construction of both Project 1 and Project 2 (where the latter Project would be operated by \"Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Project 2, LLC\" (\"Project Company 2\")). These regulations, which allow for the issuance of a LOA for the incidental take of marine mammals during construction-related activities within the Project Area during the effective dates of the regulations, prescribe the permissible methods of taking and other means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact on marine mammal species or stocks and their habitat as well as requirements pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such taking.","document_number":"2024-19587","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/24/2024-19587/takes-of-marine-mammals-incidental-to-specified-activities-taking-marine-mammals-incidental-to-the","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-09-24/pdf/2024-19587.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-19587.pdf?1727095514","publication_date":"2024-09-24","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE","name":"Commerce Department","id":54,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/commerce-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/54","parent_id":null,"slug":"commerce-department"},{"raw_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","id":361,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/361","parent_id":54,"slug":"national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration"}],"excerpts":"depending on water depth and <span class=\"match\">supplied</span> air volume. Bubble curtain effectiveness depends significantly on the <span class=\"match\">supplied</span> air volume and the water depth, with performance increasing with air flow and decreasing with depth. Notably, the proposed rule requires an air flow rate of at least 0.5 m\n 3 \n /(minute*m) and the Project Area has depths ranging from 19 to 37 meters (m) (62.34 to 121.39 feet (ft)). In the set of measurements from Bellmann \n et al. \n (2020), broadband noise attenuation was only less than 10 dB for <span class=\"match\">supplied</span> air flow rates between 0.3"},{"title":"Risk-Informed, Technology-Inclusive Regulatory Framework for Advanced Reactors","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is proposing to revise the NRC's regulations by adding a risk-informed, performance- based, and technology-inclusive regulatory framework for commercial nuclear plants in response to the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (NEIMA). The NRC plans to hold a public meeting to promote full understanding of the proposed rule and facilitate public comments.","document_number":"2024-23434","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/10/31/2024-23434/risk-informed-technology-inclusive-regulatory-framework-for-advanced-reactors","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-10-31/pdf/2024-23434.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-23434.pdf?1729687518","publication_date":"2024-10-31","agencies":[{"raw_name":"NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION","name":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","id":383,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/nuclear-regulatory-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/383","parent_id":null,"slug":"nuclear-regulatory-commission"}],"excerpts":"and comply with the following:\n \n (1) The staffing plan must include a description of how <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> expertise will be available to the on-shift operating personnel during all plant conditions, to assist if they encounter a situation not covered by procedures or training. <span class=\"match\">Engineering</span> expertise includes familiarity with the operation of the plant for which the expertise is provided and one of the following: \n (i) A <span class=\"match\">bachelor's</span> <span class=\"match\">degree</span> in <span class=\"match\">engineering</span>, <span class=\"match\">engineering</span> technology, or physical science from an institution accredited by a U.S. government recognized"},{"title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment and Coverage Policies; Medicare Shared Savings Program Requirements; and Medicare Prescription Drug Inflation Rebate Program","type":"Rule","abstract":"This major final rule addresses: changes to the physician fee schedule (PFS); other changes to Medicare Part B payment policies to ensure that payment systems are updated to reflect changes in medical practice, relative value of services, and changes in the statute; codification of establishment of new policies for: the Medicare Prescription Drug Inflation Rebate Program under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022; the Ambulatory Specialty Model; updates to the Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program expanded model; updates to drugs and biological products paid under Part B; Medicare Shared Savings Program requirements; updates to the Quality Payment Program; updates to policies for Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers; update to the Ambulance Fee Schedule regulations; codification of the Inflation Reduction Act and Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 provisions; updates to the Medicare Promoting Interoperability Program.","document_number":"2025-19787","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/05/2025-19787/medicare-and-medicaid-programs-cy-2026-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-11-05/pdf/2025-19787.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-19787.pdf?1761945018","publication_date":"2025-11-05","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"component of the SA045 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The post-mydriatic spectacles (SB059) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.328 as a component of the SA082 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The y-adapter cap (SD367) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.352 as a component of the SA049 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; \n • The ortho-phthalaldehyde 0.55percent (for example, Cidex OPA) (SM030) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $0.554 as a component of the SA042 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack; and \n • The ortho-phthalaldehyde test strips (SM031) <span class=\"match\">supply</span> at a price of $1.556 as a component of the SA042 <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack. \n The new <span class=\"match\">supply</span> pack component items were"}]}