{"description":"Documents matching 'each instance when provider directs'","count":10000,"total_pages":50,"next_page_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents?conditions%5Bterm%5D=each+instance+when+provider+directs&format=json&page=2","results":[{"title":"Enhancing Know-Your-Upstream-Provider Requirements and Strengthening STIR/SHAKEN (Call Authentication Trust Anchor; Advanced Methods To Target and Eliminate Unlawful Robocalls)","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) proposes steps to strengthen its robocall mitigation framework by enhancing Know-Your-Upstream-Provider (KYUP) requirements, improving oversight of voice service providers by the STIR/SHAKEN Governance Authority, raising caller ID attestation standards, and closing implementation gaps in STIR/SHAKEN implementation. Specifically, the Commission proposes establishing baseline KYUP information-collection, compliance review, verification, monitoring, and responsive-action requirements to ensure providers can identify and cut off bad-actor upstream providers. The Commission also proposes measures to expand the Governance Authority's vetting, enforcement, and reporting responsibilities to prevent misuse of STIR/SHAKEN certificates and to remove noncompliant providers from the authentication ecosystem. The Commission further proposes clarifying and strengthening STIR/SHAKEN attestation rules, including codifying attestation levels, defining improper attestations, and specifying permissible mechanisms for verifying number-to-customer associations. Additionally, the Commission proposes and seeks comment on additional steps to close caller ID authentication gaps, such as refining provider definitions, reconsidering exemptions, requiring providers serving end users to assign STIR/SHAKEN attestations, and ensuring calls maintain authentication information. The Commission also seeks comment on special circumstances, including addressing issues with foreign- originated calls.","document_number":"2026-13874","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/09/2026-13874/enhancing-know-your-upstream-provider-requirements-and-strengthening-stirshaken-call-authentication","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-07-09/pdf/2026-13874.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-13874.pdf?1783514714","publication_date":"2026-07-09","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"upstream <span class=\"match\">provider</span>, such as that:\n \n ○ the upstream <span class=\"match\">provider</span> or its employees are operating outside the United States, or its calls are originating outside the United States <span class=\"match\">when</span> it claimed it is a domestic <span class=\"match\">provider</span>; \n ○ the upstream <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> calls are originating in the United States <span class=\"match\">when</span> it claimed it is a foreign <span class=\"match\">provider</span>; \n ○ the upstream <span class=\"match\">provider</span> is providing different types of service or serving different types of customers than what was described; \n ○ the upstream <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> calls are sent over non-IP technology <span class=\"match\">when</span> the upstream <span class=\"match\">provider</span> did"},{"title":"Medicaid Program; Medicaid Managed Care State Directed Payments and Medicaid Fee-for-Service Targeted Medicaid Practitioner Payments","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"This proposed rule describes alternatives to modify the limit on the total payment rate and other requirements for State directed payments in Medicaid managed care. We propose these changes based on our authority to interpret and implement section 1902(a)(4) of the Social Security Act (the Act) with respect to prepaid inpatient health plans and prepaid ambulatory health plans, and section 1903(m)(2)(A)(iii) of the Act, which require that contracts between States and managed care organizations to provide payments under a risk- based contract for services and associated administrative costs that are actuarially sound. This rule also proposes to set a limit for certain targeted Medicaid payments in Medicaid fee-for-service. We propose this change based on our authority to interpret and implement section 1902(a)(30)(A) of the Act with respect to certain targeted Medicaid payments which require that payments be consistent with efficiency, economy, and quality of care and are sufficient to enlist enough providers so that care and services are available under the plan at least to the extent that such care and services are available to the general population in the geographic area.","document_number":"2026-10292","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/22/2026-10292/medicaid-program-medicaid-managed-care-state-directed-payments-and-medicaid-fee-for-service-targeted","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-05-22/pdf/2026-10292.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-10292.pdf?1779308109","publication_date":"2026-05-22","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"physicians, dentists, emergency and non-emergency medical transportation <span class=\"match\">providers</span> (for example, ground emergency medical transportation (GEMT) <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, air emergency transportation <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, and non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) <span class=\"match\">providers</span>) and other licensed professionals. We generally utilize the term <span class=\"match\">provider</span> <span class=\"match\">when</span> referring to an entity, such as a transportation <span class=\"match\">provider</span> or Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) <span class=\"match\">provider</span>, and the term practitioner <span class=\"match\">when</span> referring to an individual, such as a physician. Because our current"},{"title":"William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program","type":"Rule","abstract":"The Secretary establishes new regulations on the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program in the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program under 34 CFR 685.219 by adding or clarifying provisions to exclude employers that engage in specific enumerated illegal activities such that they have a substantial illegal purpose, including defining obligations and processes tied to making such a determination of an employer, clarifying that borrowers will receive full credit for work performed, until the effective date of the Secretary's determination that an employer is no longer a qualifying employer under the rule; and establishing methods for an employer to regain eligibility following a determination of ineligibility by the Secretary. These regulations ensure that taxpayer dollars are not misused by preventing PSLF benefits from going to individuals employed by organizations that have a substantial illegal purpose. The revisions strengthen accountability, enhance program integrity, and protect hardworking taxpayers from shouldering the cost of improper subsidies granted to employees of organizations that undermine national security and American values through criminal activity.","document_number":"2025-19729","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/31/2025-19729/william-d-ford-federal-direct-loan-direct-loan-program","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-10-31/pdf/2025-19729.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-19729.pdf?1761828307","publication_date":"2025-10-31","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","name":"Education Department","id":126,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/education-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/126","parent_id":null,"slug":"education-department"}],"excerpts":"because of the person's status in one of those groups.\n \n \n (6) \n Early childhood education program \n means an early childhood education program as defined in section 103(8) of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1003).\n \n \n (7) \n Eligible <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> Loan \n means a <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> Subsidized Loan, a <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> Unsubsidized Loan, a <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> PLUS Loan, or a <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> Consolidation Loan.\n \n \n (8) \n Emergency management \n means services that help remediate, lessen, or eliminate the effects or potential effects of emergencies that threaten human life or health, or real property.\n \n \n (9) "},{"title":"Improving Transparency Into Pharmacy Benefit Manager Fee Disclosure","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"The Department is proposing a regulation that would require providers of pharmacy benefit management services and affiliated providers of brokerage and consulting services to disclose information about their compensation to fiduciaries of self-insured group health plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). These disclosures are needed so that fiduciaries can assess the reasonableness of the contracts or arrangements with these service providers, including the reasonableness of the service providers' compensation. These disclosure requirements would apply for purposes of ERISA's statutory prohibited transaction exemption for services arrangements. This proposal implements section 12 of President Trump's Executive Order 14273, Lowering Drug Prices by Once Again Putting Americans First, which instructs the Department to propose regulations to improve employer health plan transparency into the direct and indirect compensation received by pharmacy benefit managers. If finalized, this regulation would affect sponsors and other fiduciaries of self-insured group health plans and certain service providers to such plans.","document_number":"2026-01907","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01907/improving-transparency-into-pharmacy-benefit-manager-fee-disclosure","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-01-30/pdf/2026-01907.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-01907.pdf?1769721310","publication_date":"2026-01-30","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","name":"Labor Department","id":271,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/labor-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/271","parent_id":null,"slug":"labor-department"},{"raw_name":"Employee Benefits Security Administration","name":"Employee Benefits Security Administration","id":131,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/employee-benefits-security-administration","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/131","parent_id":271,"slug":"employee-benefits-security-administration"}],"excerpts":"be covered service <span class=\"match\">providers</span> under the regulation and therefore would have disclosure and related audit obligations. The proposal identifies two types of covered service <span class=\"match\">providers</span>: (i) <span class=\"match\">providers</span> of pharmacy benefit management services (as defined in paragraph (d) of the proposal) and (ii) <span class=\"match\">providers</span> of advice, recommendations, or referrals regarding pharmacy benefit management services who are themselves <span class=\"match\">providers</span> of pharmacy benefit management services or their affiliates.\n 104 \n \n In <span class=\"match\">each</span> case, to be a covered service <span class=\"match\">provider</span>, the entity must reasonably"},{"title":"Medicare Program; Strengthening Oversight of Accrediting Organizations (AOs) and Preventing AO Conflicts of Interest, and Related Provisions","type":"Rule","abstract":"This final rule with comment period sets forth provisions to strengthen the oversight of Medicare national accrediting organizations by addressing conflicts of interest, establishing consistent standards, processes, and definitions, and updating the validation and performance standards systems. Additionally, this final rule with comment period revises the psychiatric hospital survey process, adds a limitation on terminated deemed providers and suppliers when reentering the program, and provides technical corrections for End-Stage Renal Disease facilities and Transplant Programs.","document_number":"2026-12069","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/16/2026-12069/medicare-program-strengthening-oversight-of-accrediting-organizations-aos-and-preventing-ao","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-06-16/pdf/2026-12069.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-12069.pdf?1781295308","publication_date":"2026-06-16","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"resource that can help <span class=\"match\">providers</span> and suppliers improve the quality and safety of the care they provide. This does not mean that the <span class=\"match\">providers</span> or suppliers who elect not to receive fee-based consulting from an AO that offers it, or that <span class=\"match\">providers</span> or suppliers that are accredited by an AO that does not offer this service would not provide safe, quality care. \n There are many third-party consultants that offer fee-based consulting across all <span class=\"match\">provider</span> and supplier types. The availability of third-party fee-based consultants give <span class=\"match\">providers</span> and suppliers access"},{"title":"Numbering Policies for Modern Communications","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopts rules regarding direct access to numbers by providers of interconnected Voice over internet Protocol (VoIP) services. The Commission takes this action in furtherance of Congress' directive in the Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence (TRACED) Act to examine ways to reduce access to telephone numbers by potential perpetrators of illegal robocalls. These actions continue to safeguard U.S. numbering resources and consumers, protect national security interests, promote public safety, and ensure compliance with other important Commission rules.","document_number":"2026-03066","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/17/2026-03066/numbering-policies-for-modern-communications","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-02-17/pdf/2026-03066.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-03066.pdf?1770990325","publication_date":"2026-02-17","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"applicable to unlawful robocalls or unlawful spoofing. \n As voice service <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, interconnected VoIP <span class=\"match\">providers</span> must comply with all regulations that target illegal robocalls that are generally applicable to all voice service <span class=\"match\">providers</span>. Additionally, interconnected VoIP <span class=\"match\">providers</span> acting as terminating, originating, intermediate, and/or gateway <span class=\"match\">providers</span> must accordingly also comply with the specific regulations targeting illegal robocalls that are applicable to <span class=\"match\">each</span> type of <span class=\"match\">provider</span>. \n \n As with the \n Second Report and Order, \n we received broad support"},{"title":"Implementation of the National Suicide Hotline Act of 2018","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopts rules requiring covered text providers, including wireless providers, to develop the capability to transmit georouting data in a format that is compatible with the Lifeline's platform to allow the routing of covered 988 text messages by the Lifeline Administrator to the appropriate crisis center based on the texter's general location, rather than area code; and to provide such georouting data for covered 988 text messages, when available, to the Lifeline Administrator. To protect the privacy of 988 texters, this document defines \"georouting data\" as location data generated from a cell- based location technology that is aggregated to a level that will not identify the precise location of the handset, but only the general area from which the text originated, thereby making local resources available while protecting texters' identities.","document_number":"2025-17895","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/16/2025-17895/implementation-of-the-national-suicide-hotline-act-of-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-09-16/pdf/2025-17895.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-17895.pdf?1757940319","publication_date":"2025-09-16","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"require covered text <span class=\"match\">providers</span> to provide georouting data for 988 text messages to the Lifeline Administrator only <span class=\"match\">when</span> such data is available. We agree with CTIA and Intrado that limiting this requirement to providing georouting data “<span class=\"match\">when</span> available” is necessary to account for technical challenges and to enable \n \n covered text <span class=\"match\">providers</span> to optimize their current technology and networks. For <span class=\"match\">instance</span>, several commenters raise concerns about the technical feasibility of transmitting georouting data with text messages originated <span class=\"match\">when</span> a text user is roaming"},{"title":"Calendar Year 2027 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; Requirements for the HH Quality Reporting Program and the Expanded HH Value-Based Purchasing Model; Medicare Provider Enrollment, Durable Medical Equipment (DME), and DME, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS) Policies","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"This proposed rule would set forth routine updates to the Medicare home health payment rates in accordance with existing statutory and regulatory requirements. In addition, this proposed rule discusses the behavior adjustment and proposes a temporary behavior adjustment and proposes to recalibrate the case-mix weights and update the functional impairment levels; comorbidity subgroups; and low- utilization payment adjustment (LUPA) thresholds for CY 2027. Additionally, this proposed rule discusses the provision of home health palliative care services and includes a request for information (RFI) on a home health specific wage index. This rule would also propose changes to the Home Health Quality Reporting Program (HH QRP) and summarizes potential initiatives to improve alignment between the HH QRP and expanded Home Health Value Based Purchasing (HHVBP) Model. Lastly, the rule would--clarify the application of the DMEPOS face-to- face encounter requirements for the replacement of DMEPOS items; make changes to the provider and supplier enrollment requirements; make changes regarding DME benefit expansion for infusion pumps and drugs; and discuss collection of information requirement changes regarding the DMEPOS Competitive Bidding Program (CBP) country of origin.","document_number":"2026-13602","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/06/2026-13602/calendar-year-2027-home-health-prospective-payment-system-hh-pps-rate-update-requirements-for-the-hh","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-07-06/pdf/2026-13602.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-13602.pdf?1782936912","publication_date":"2026-07-06","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"\n 5. <span class=\"match\">Provider</span> Enrollment and DMEPOS Accreditation \n We are proposing a number of Medicare <span class=\"match\">provider</span> enrollment provisions to strengthen and clarify certain aspects of the <span class=\"match\">provider</span> enrollment process. These include, but are not limited to, the following: \n • Adding grounds for denying or revoking a <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> or supplier's Medicare enrollment. \n • Expanding the reasons for which CMS can apply a retroactive effective date for <span class=\"match\">provider</span> and supplier revocations. \n • CMS can currently impose a reapplication bar of up to 10 years if the <span class=\"match\">provider</span> or supplier"},{"title":"Changes Related to Insurance Requirements in Multi-Family Housing (MFH) Direct Loan and Grant Programs","type":"Rule","abstract":"The Rural Housing Service (RHS or the Agency), a Rural Development (RD) agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), will implement changes related to insurance requirements under the Multi-Family Housing (MFH) Direct Loan and Grant programs. This final rule will align RD insurance coverage types, amounts, and deductibles with affordable housing industry standards to simplify the coverage amounts, deductible limits, and improve customer experience with updated and understandable insurance requirements.","document_number":"2026-07618","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/20/2026-07618/changes-related-to-insurance-requirements-in-multi-family-housing-mfh-direct-loan-and-grant-programs","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-20/pdf/2026-07618.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-07618.pdf?1776429913","publication_date":"2026-04-20","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE","name":"Agriculture Department","id":12,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/agriculture-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/12","parent_id":null,"slug":"agriculture-department"},{"raw_name":"Rural Housing Service","name":"Rural Housing Service","id":458,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/rural-housing-service","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/458","parent_id":12,"slug":"rural-housing-service"}],"excerpts":"loans and grants to rural residents through the Single-Family Housing (SFH) and Multi-Family Housing (MFH) Programs. \n RHS operates the MFH <span class=\"match\">direct</span> loan and grant programs by providing <span class=\"match\">direct</span> loans or grants to affordable multi-family rental housing for low income, elderly, disabled individuals and families, or domestic farm workers in eligible rural areas. The programs are covered by the 7 CFR part 3560, <span class=\"match\">Direct</span> Multi-Family Housing Loans and Grants and are: (1) Section 515, Rural Rental Housing loans, which finances multi-family units in rural areas;"},{"title":"Advanced Methods To Target and Eliminate Unlawful Robocalls","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) modifies its existing call blocking rules. Specifically, the Commission requires all domestic voice service providers to block based on a reasonable do-not-originate (DNO) list. Second, it requires voice service providers to return Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) code 603+ when calls are blocked based on reasonable analytics.","document_number":"2025-04811","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/24/2025-04811/advanced-methods-to-target-and-eliminate-unlawful-robocalls","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-03-24/pdf/2025-04811.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-04811.pdf?1742561117","publication_date":"2025-03-24","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"requiring all <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, including smaller <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, to use an expansive DNO list is unnecessary at this time. This is particularly true <span class=\"match\">when</span> all other <span class=\"match\">providers</span> in the call path must block. Some <span class=\"match\">providers</span> will use or already use these more expansive lists, and a single call will often pass through several networks on its path to the recipient. As a result, many consumers will be protected by these more comprehensive lists even <span class=\"match\">when</span> one <span class=\"match\">provider</span> in the call path uses a more restricted list. The Commission recommends that <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, <span class=\"match\">when</span> technically"},{"title":"Improving the Effectiveness of the Robocall Mitigation Database; CORES Registration System","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) adopts rules requiring Robocall Mitigation Database (RMD or Database) filers to take additional steps to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and currentness of submitted information. The rules also establish a base forfeiture of $10,000 for each violation for filers that submit false or inaccurate information to the Database, as well as a base forfeiture of $1,000 for failure to update information that has changed in the Database within 10 days. Further, the Wireline Competition Bureau is directed to establish a dedicated reporting mechanism for deficient filings in the Database, as well as to issue additional guidance and \"best practices\" for filers. Additionally, the Wireline Competition Bureau and Office of the Managing Director are directed to develop a two-factor (or more) authentication solution for accessing the Database.","document_number":"2026-00010","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/06/2026-00010/improving-the-effectiveness-of-the-robocall-mitigation-database-cores-registration-system","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-01-06/pdf/2026-00010.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-00010.pdf?1767620708","publication_date":"2026-01-06","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"by downstream <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, which rely on the Database to determine the permissibility of traffic carried on their networks. Voice service <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, including terminating <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, and intermediate <span class=\"match\">providers</span> must refuse traffic sent directly from any <span class=\"match\">provider</span> that does not appear in the Robocall Mitigation Database. Its continued effectiveness relies on information submitted by <span class=\"match\">providers</span> being complete, accurate, and up to date. Yet a review of filings in the Database indicates a lack of thoroughness and diligence by some <span class=\"match\">providers</span> and, in some cases"},{"title":"Call Authentication Trust Anchor","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopts rules that strengthen the Commission's caller ID authentication requirements by establishing clear practices for providers that rely on third parties to fulfill their STIR/SHAKEN implementation obligations. The rules authorize providers with a STIR/ SHAKEN implementation obligation to engage third parties to perform the technological act of digitally \"signing\" calls consistent with the requirements of the STIR/SHAKEN technical standards so long as: the provider with the implementation obligation makes the \"attestation- level\" decisions for authenticating caller ID information; and all calls are signed using the certificate of the provider with the implementation obligation--not the certificate of a third party. The rules also explicitly require all providers with a STIR/SHAKEN implementation obligation to obtain a Service Provider Code (SPC) token from the STIR/SHAKEN Policy Administrator and present that token to a STIR/SHAKEN Certificate Authority to obtain a digital certificate. Additionally, the rules include recordkeeping requirements for third- party authentication arrangements to enable the Commission to monitor compliance with and enforce Commission rules.","document_number":"2025-15809","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/19/2025-15809/call-authentication-trust-anchor","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-08-19/pdf/2025-15809.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-15809.pdf?1755521150","publication_date":"2025-08-19","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"require voice service <span class=\"match\">providers</span> to authenticate the traffic that they originate, and, if they fail to do so, non-gateway intermediate <span class=\"match\">providers</span> must themselves authenticate any unauthenticated calls they receive directly from originating <span class=\"match\">providers</span>. Consequently, an intermediate <span class=\"match\">provider</span> that receives an unauthenticated call from an originating <span class=\"match\">provider</span> does not engage in third-party authentication simply because it is the entity that uses STIR/SHAKEN to authenticate the call. In such an <span class=\"match\">instance</span>, the intermediate <span class=\"match\">provider</span> is discharging its own"},{"title":"Improving Customer Service and Protecting Consumers Through Onshoring","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) proposes actions that would encourage and facilitate the onshoring of foreign call centers. Specifically, the Commission proposes rules and otherwise explore ways to improve customer service communications and better protect consumers' sensitive personal information by limiting use of foreign call centers and by improving standards applicable to a company's remaining foreign call center operations. It also seeks comment on extending these protections to modes of customer service communications other than calls, such as emails, texts, and on-line chats, and on ideas to deter scam and other unlawful calls made to the United States from foreign countries. Finally, it explore steps we can take to financially deter unlawful foreign-originated calls, such as bond requirements. The Commission proposes to apply these requirements to providers of telecommunications services, CMRS, interconnected VoIP service, cable television service, and DBS services, or affiliates of such providers. It also proposes to apply these requirements to the use of foreign call centers for consumer communications relating to internet access service offered by any of the foregoing providers or their affiliates and seeks comment on whether it should extend some or all of the proposed rules to providers of other types of services.","document_number":"2026-07960","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/23/2026-07960/improving-customer-service-and-protecting-consumers-through-onshoring","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-23/pdf/2026-07960.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-07960.pdf?1776861922","publication_date":"2026-04-23","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"a bond draw down? Can device-based reporting be shared with the terminating <span class=\"match\">provider</span>? If so, would terminating <span class=\"match\">providers</span> seek the bond draw from the ultimate gateway <span class=\"match\">provider</span> or intermediate <span class=\"match\">providers</span> directly, or would terminating <span class=\"match\">providers</span> file reports with the entity administering the bonds on a periodic cadence? \n Which <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> bond would be drawn upon and how could that particular <span class=\"match\">provider</span> be identified, especially if a <span class=\"match\">provider</span> other than the terminating <span class=\"match\">provider</span> were deemed the one to pay? Should the entity administering the bond draws"},{"title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Calendar Year 2026 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; Requirements for the HH Quality Reporting Program and the HH Value-Based Purchasing Expanded Model; Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS) Competitive Bidding Program Updates; DMEPOS Accreditation Requirements; Provider Enrollment; and Other Medicare and Medicaid Policies","type":"Rule","abstract":"This final rule sets forth routine updates to the Medicare home health payment rates in accordance with existing statutory and regulatory requirements. In addition, this final rule finalizes permanent and temporary behavior adjustments and recalibrates the case- mix weights and update the functional impairment levels; comorbidity subgroups; and low-utilization payment adjustment (LUPA) thresholds for CY 2026. This final rule also finalizes changes to the face-to-face encounter policy and changes to the Home Health Quality Reporting Program (HH QRP) and the expanded Health Value-Based Purchasing (HHVBP) Model requirements. In addition, it updates the Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS) Competitive Bidding Program (CBP). Lastly it finalizes: a technical change to the HH conditions of participation; updates to DMEPOS supplier conditions of payment; updates to provider and supplier enrollment requirements; and changes to DMEPOS accreditation requirements.","document_number":"2025-21767","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/02/2025-21767/medicare-and-medicaid-programs-calendar-year-2026-home-health-prospective-payment-system-hh-pps-rate","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-02/pdf/2025-21767.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-21767.pdf?1764364516","publication_date":"2025-12-02","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"}],"excerpts":"Medicaid <span class=\"match\">Provider</span> Enrollment \n We finalized several Medicare <span class=\"match\">provider</span> enrollment provisions to strengthen and clarify certain aspects of the <span class=\"match\">provider</span> enrollment process. These include, but are not limited to, the following: \n • Modifying grounds for denying, revoking, or deactivating a <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> or supplier's Medicare enrollment. \n • Expanding the reasons for which CMS can apply a retroactive effective date for <span class=\"match\">provider</span> and supplier revocations. \n • Expanding the reasons for which CMS can apply a stay of enrollment. \n • Requiring <span class=\"match\">providers</span> and suppliers"},{"title":"Resilient Networks; Concerning Disruptions to Communications","type":"Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) modernizes the Disaster Information Reporting System (DIRS) to reduce reporting burdens on stakeholders and ensure that the information being collected is useful for disaster response. Our modernization allows manual filers to submit a single, dynamic form instead of multiple worksheets, and enables them to use a \"one-click\" option to easily indicate there is no change from the previous day's report. Further, unnecessary fields and worksheets will be eliminated to ensure that DIRS is collecting the information that is most important for emergency response. This modernization also eliminates the requirement for service providers to file a DIRS final report within 24 hours of DIRS' deactivation, and exempts non-facilities-based providers from DIRS reporting. This document also recognizes the emergence of public safety voice and broadband networks and the critical connectivity they provide to public safety stakeholders by requiring providers of these services to submit DIRS reports on the status of their public safety network infrastructure. Finally, we augment providers' ability to voluntarily submit geospatial information on infrastructure affected by disasters. Together, these changes provide public safety officials with the additional information they need, while also making it easier for service providers to satisfy their reporting obligations.","document_number":"2026-13155","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/30/2026-13155/resilient-networks-concerning-disruptions-to-communications","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-06-30/pdf/2026-13155.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-13155.pdf?1782737115","publication_date":"2026-06-30","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"eliminating the satellite worksheet.” Notwithstanding the fact that Verizon “does not oppose” exempting satellite <span class=\"match\">providers</span> from DIRS reporting, Verizon observes that “wireless and wireline <span class=\"match\">providers</span>' customers may rely in part on satellite capabilities during DIRS activations” and wireless and wireline <span class=\"match\">providers</span> have limited visibility into the status of satellite <span class=\"match\">providers</span>' networks. While acknowledging that no satellite <span class=\"match\">provider</span> has ever filed in DIRS, the National Rural Electric Cooperatives Association notes that public safety officials, the"},{"title":"Establishing the Digital Opportunity Data Collection; Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program; Delete, Delete, Delete","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) that seeks comment on eliminating outdated requirements and ways to enhance the efficiency of the Broadband Data Collection (BDC) while ensuring that the Commission continues to receive accurate, granular data. Building off the infrastructure data-based coverage restoration process established by the Commission in 2024, the FNPRM seeks comment on several approaches suggested by commenters to simplify, streamline, or otherwise reduce burdens on this coverage restoration process. The FNPRM seeks comment on several ways to simplify the collection of fixed and fixed wireless biannual submissions, specifically on: (1) either allowing providers to indicate certain fixed broadband availability data have been \"grandfathered\" or else simply eliminating the collection of these data; (2) eliminating the requirement that a provider report fixed broadband availability data at speeds below 25/3 Mbps as part of its biannual submission; (3) revising the Commission's rules to eliminate the requirement for providers to use and disclose maximum buffer size data in their BDC biannual submissions; and (4) revising the Commission's rules to relax the 7 meter antenna height requirement that fixed wireless providers must use when modeling their coverage. In addition, the FNPRM seeks comment on ending legacy data collections for mobile service, specifically the collection of 3G mobile broadband availability data and mobile voice data as part of a provider's biannual submission, including potential impacts on reporting for Alaska and on relevant USF programs, respectively. Furthermore, the FNPRM seeks comment on current data retention practices to develop a set of best practices instead of adopting any substantive rule. The FNPRM seeks comment on several potential challenge process improvements, specifically on: (1) allowing service providers to presumptively rebut certain types of fixed challenges with infrastructure data and on requiring infrastructure data in response to certain types of fixed challenges; (2) various options for simplifying and reducing the provider response periods for the fixed challenge process; (3) streamlining the mobile challenge process by automatically removing from the National Broadband Map (NBM) all challenged areas that are conceded or upheld; and (4) relaxing or removing some current mobile crowdsourced data requirements to encourage the submission of additional data. The FNPRM seeks comment on mobile verification and audit process improvements. The FNPRM also seeks comment on improvements to the collection of mobile crowdsourced data and the use of drone data. Lastly, the FNPRM seeks comment on revising the Commission's rules to expressly provide that subscription data, the geographic coordinates of mobile or fixed wireless base stations, mobile or fixed wireless link budget parameter rationales, and any infrastructure data submitted in response to a verification request or audit will be always treated as confidential.","document_number":"2026-12767","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/24/2026-12767/establishing-the-digital-opportunity-data-collection-modernizing-the-fcc-form-477-data-program","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-06-24/pdf/2026-12767.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-12767.pdf?1782218725","publication_date":"2026-06-24","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"used by the Commission to audit and verify reported broadband deployment data? Should the Commission accept third-party speed tests collected by drones <span class=\"match\">when</span> considering challenges to mobile <span class=\"match\">providers</span>' coverage assumptions or, on the other hand, challenge rebuttals? Would such data be useful for the Commission to consider <span class=\"match\">when</span> <span class=\"match\">providers</span> respond to verification or audit requests, or <span class=\"match\">when</span> <span class=\"match\">providers</span> attempt to restore Removed Locations and Areas? Consistent with the questions asked above about potential reforms to the mobile crowdsource process, could"},{"title":"Advanced Methods To Target and Eliminate Robocalls","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) proposes steps to improve the availability and accuracy of caller identification information transmitted to consumers to enable them to better understand who is calling and decide whether to answer calls. Specifically, the Commission proposes to enhance the effectiveness of STIR/SHAKEN by requiring terminating providers to transmit verified caller name or other caller identity information for presentation on a consumer's handset whenever they transmit an indication that a call has received an A-level attestation. It also seeks comment on requiring providers to use Rich Call Data (RCD) to transmit verified caller name on IP networks, whether to permit or require use of other solutions, and an alternative option to require that providers implement RCD in their IP networks for all calls. The Commission further proposes to require voice service providers to implement measures to ensure that consumers know which calls originate from outside of the United States and to prohibit spoofing of United States telephone numbers for calls that originate from outside of the United States. Finally, the Commission seeks comment on whether some of its calling-related rules can be simplified, streamlined, or eliminated, perhaps because they are outdated or have not been enforced for a substantial amount of time.","document_number":"2025-22063","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/05/2025-22063/advanced-methods-to-target-and-eliminate-robocalls","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-05/pdf/2025-22063.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-22063.pdf?1764855925","publication_date":"2025-12-05","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"adopt to determine whether a <span class=\"match\">provider</span> has implemented RCD? Would any potential measure be different for resellers, originating facilities-based <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, intermediate <span class=\"match\">providers</span>, or terminating <span class=\"match\">providers</span>? If so, why? For example, would an intermediate <span class=\"match\">provider</span> properly be considered to have implemented RCD if it transmits to subsequent <span class=\"match\">providers</span> in the call path the RCD information it receives from the <span class=\"match\">provider</span> immediately before it in the call path? \n 41. If we do adopt an implementation mandate, how quickly can <span class=\"match\">providers</span> implement RCD throughout their"},{"title":"21st Century Cures Act: Establishment of Disincentives for Health Care Providers That Have Committed Information Blocking","type":"Rule","abstract":"This final rule implements the provision of the 21st Century Cures Act specifying that a health care provider determined by the HHS Inspector General to have committed information blocking shall be referred to the appropriate agency to be subject to appropriate disincentives set forth through notice and comment rulemaking. This rulemaking establishes, for certain health care providers, a set of appropriate disincentives using authorities under applicable Federal law.","document_number":"2024-13793","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/07/01/2024-13793/21st-century-cures-act-establishment-of-disincentives-for-health-care-providers-that-have-committed","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-07-01/pdf/2024-13793.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2024-13793.pdf?1719432919","publication_date":"2024-07-01","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","name":"Health and Human Services Department","id":221,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/221","parent_id":null,"slug":"health-and-human-services-department"},{"raw_name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","name":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","id":45,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/45","parent_id":221,"slug":"centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services"},{"raw_name":"Office of the Secretary"}],"excerpts":"health care <span class=\"match\">providers</span> that fall within the definition of health care <span class=\"match\">provider</span> at 45 CFR 171.102. While effective deterrence of information blocking can benefit patients by reducing the degree to which health care <span class=\"match\">providers</span> engage in this practice, fewer patients will benefit from these deterrent effects if disincentives have not been established for all health care <span class=\"match\">providers</span> within the definition of health care <span class=\"match\">provider</span> at 45 CFR 171.102. In section IV of the 21st Century Cures Act: Establishment of Disincentives for Health Care <span class=\"match\">Providers</span> That Have"},{"title":"Incarcerated People's Communication Services; Implementation of the Martha Wright-Reed Act; Rates for Interstate Inmate Calling Services","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) seeks additional comment and data from stakeholders on adopting permanent audio and video IPCS rate caps and on whether and how the Commission should refine its IPCS data collections going forward to provide the data needed to ensure rate caps are just and reasonable and fairly compensate IPCS providers. It also seeks comment on how and when the Commission should structure a permanent rate additive to account for the recovery of correctional facility costs incurred in making IPCS available, including an additive that potentially varies by facility type and size. Finally, it proposes to retain the prohibition on ancillary service charges previously adopted by the Commission and seeks further comment on this proposal. In the alternative, it seeks comment on a request to reinstate automated payment fees and third-party financial transaction fees as permissible ancillary service charges.","document_number":"2025-22130","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/05/2025-22130/incarcerated-peoples-communication-services-implementation-of-the-martha-wright-reed-act-rates-for","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-05/pdf/2025-22130.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-22130.pdf?1764855937","publication_date":"2025-12-05","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"number of categories as compared to the number in the 2023 Mandatory Data Collection, and how should <span class=\"match\">each</span> category be defined? Should the Commission exclude from rate caps any allowance for recovery of safety and security expenses attributable to law enforcement functions? The 2023 Mandatory Data Collection <span class=\"match\">directed</span> <span class=\"match\">providers</span> to allocate safety and security expenses among seven different categories and then to further allocate the expenses within <span class=\"match\">each</span> of these categories among (1) audio IPCS, (2) video IPCS, (3) ancillary services, and (4) other products"},{"title":"Promoting Technological Solutions To Combat Contraband Wireless Device Use in Correctional Facilities","type":"Proposed Rule","abstract":"In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) seeks comment on proposals that would enhance public safety by removing regulatory barriers to the deployment and viability of existing and developing technologies that combat contraband wireless device use in correctional facilities. This document seeks comment on a proposed framework to authorize, for the first time, non-federal operation of radio frequency (RF) jamming solutions in correctional facilities. The Commission seeks to foster a collaborative environment among key stakeholders, including departments of correction, solutions providers, wireless providers, public safety and 911 entities, to explore an expanded range of solutions to a shared problem.","document_number":"2025-21325","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/26/2025-21325/promoting-technological-solutions-to-combat-contraband-wireless-device-use-in-correctional","pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-11-26/pdf/2025-21325.pdf","public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-21325.pdf?1764078345","publication_date":"2025-11-26","agencies":[{"raw_name":"FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION","name":"Federal Communications Commission","id":161,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-communications-commission","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/161","parent_id":null,"slug":"federal-communications-commission"}],"excerpts":"agreements between wireless <span class=\"match\">providers</span> and solutions <span class=\"match\">providers</span>? Are specific measures needed to prevent harmful interference to a wireless <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> base stations in a TDD context, for example taking into consideration the desired v. undesired signal levels in a TDD pattern? Should we require, in a TDD context, synchronization between a solutions <span class=\"match\">provider</span> deploying a jamming solution and the wireless <span class=\"match\">provider</span> offering service to an area that includes a correctional facility to avoid unwanted transmissions during the wireless <span class=\"match\">provider's</span> base station transmit"}]}