{"abstract":"We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service or USFWS), determine to list the southern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum) as threatened under the authority of section 4(e) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), due to the similarity in appearance with the endangered Javan (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Sumatran (Dicerorhinos sumatrensis), Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis), black (Diceros bicornis) and northern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). Differentiating between the horns and other products made from the southern white rhino and the endangered Javan, Sumatran, Indian, black, and northern white rhino is difficult for law enforcement, decreasing their ability to enforce and further the provisions and policies of the Act. This similarity of appearance has resulted in the documented trade of listed rhinoceros species, often under the guise of being the unprotected southern white rhinoceros, and this difficulty in distinguishing between the rhino species protected under the Act and the southern white rhino constitutes an additional threat to all endangered rhinoceros species. The determination that the southern white rhino should be treated as threatened due to similarity of appearance will substantially facilitate law enforcement actions to protect and conserve all endangered rhino species.","action":"Interim rule.","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR","name":"Interior Department","id":253,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/interior-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/253","parent_id":null,"slug":"interior-department"},{"raw_name":"Fish and Wildlife Service","name":"Fish and Wildlife Service","id":197,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/fish-and-wildlife-service","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/197","parent_id":253,"slug":"fish-and-wildlife-service"}],"body_html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2013/09/11/2013-22132.html","cfr_references":[{"chapter":null,"citation_url":null,"part":17,"title":50}],"citation":"78 FR 55649","comment_url":null,"comments_close_on":"2013-10-11","correction_of":null,"corrections":[],"dates":"This rule becomes effective on September 11, 2013. We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before October 11, 2013. The reasons for this accelerated implementation and for making this rule effective less than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register are described below in the section titled \"Need for Interim Rule.\"","disposition_notes":null,"docket_ids":["Docket Number FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0055","FXES111809F2070B6"],"dockets":[],"document_number":"2013-22132","effective_on":"2013-09-11","end_page":55656,"executive_order_notes":null,"executive_order_number":null,"explanation":null,"full_text_xml_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/xml/2013/09/11/2013-22132.xml","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/09/11/2013-22132/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-listing-the-southern-white-rhino-ceratotherium-simum","images":{},"images_metadata":{},"json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents/2013-22132?publication_date=2013-09-11","mods_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/FR-2013-09-11/2013-22132/mods.xml","not_received_for_publication":null,"page_length":8,"page_views":{"count":791,"last_updated":"2026-04-15 14:15:07 -0400"},"pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2013-09-11/pdf/2013-22132.pdf","presidential_document_number":null,"proclamation_number":null,"public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2013-22132.pdf?1378817651","publication_date":"2013-09-11","raw_text_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2013/09/11/2013-22132.txt","regulation_id_number_info":{"1018-AY76":{"issue":"201404","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1018-AY76/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-listing-southern-white-rhino-africa-as-threatened-due-","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing Southern White Rhino (Africa) as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance","xml_url":"http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=201404&RIN=1018-AY76&operation=OPERATION_EXPORT_XML","priority_category":"Substantive, Nonsignificant"}},"regulation_id_numbers":["1018-AY76"],"regulations_dot_gov_info":{"supporting_documents":[{"title":"Literature Cited for Emergency Listing of the Southern White Rhino","document_id":"FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0055-0586"}],"regulatory_plan":{"html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1018-AY76/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-listing-southern-white-rhino-africa-as-threatened-due-","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing Southern White Rhino (Africa) as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance"},"comments_url":"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=50&so=DESC&sb=postedDate&po=0&dct=PS&D=FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0055","supporting_documents_count":1,"docket_id":"FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0055","regulation_id_number":"1018-AY76","title":"Threatened Status for the Southern White Rhino","checked_regulationsdotgov_at":"2013-10-13T05:01:36Z"},"regulations_dot_gov_url":null,"significant":false,"signing_date":null,"start_page":55649,"subtype":null,"title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing the Southern White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum) as Threatened","toc_doc":"Listing the Southern White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum) as Threatened","toc_subject":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants:","topics":["Endangered and threatened species","Exports","Imports","Reporting and recordkeeping requirements","Transportation"],"type":"Rule","volume":78}