{"abstract":"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing the release of recommended aquatic life water quality criteria for cadmium. EPA has updated its national recommended ambient water quality criteria for cadmium in order to reflect the latest scientific information, and current EPA policies and methods. EPA's water quality criteria for cadmium provides recommendations to states and tribes authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act. In adopting water quality standards, states set exposure protections for aquatic life; acute exposure to cadmium results in lethality, while chronic exposure to cadmium negatively impacts growth, development, behavior, reproduction, and immune and endocrine systems in aquatic life. Cadmium enters the environment by natural and human processes, however, human sources, such as mining and urban processes, are responsible for contributing approximately 90 percent of the cadmium found in surface waters.","action":"Notice of availability.","agencies":[{"raw_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","id":145,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/environmental-protection-agency","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/145","parent_id":null,"slug":"environmental-protection-agency"}],"body_html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2016/04/04/2016-07647.html","cfr_references":[],"citation":"81 FR 19176","comment_url":null,"comments_close_on":null,"correction_of":null,"corrections":[],"dates":null,"disposition_notes":null,"docket_ids":["EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753","FRL 9944-46-OW"],"dockets":[],"document_number":"2016-07647","effective_on":null,"end_page":19178,"executive_order_notes":null,"executive_order_number":null,"explanation":null,"full_text_xml_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/xml/2016/04/04/2016-07647.xml","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/04/04/2016-07647/recommended-aquatic-life-ambient-water-quality-criteria-for-cadmium-2016","images":{},"images_metadata":{},"json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents/2016-07647?publication_date=2016-04-04","mods_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/FR-2016-04-04/2016-07647/mods.xml","not_received_for_publication":null,"page_length":3,"page_views":{"count":2341,"last_updated":"2026-04-04 02:15:03 -0400"},"pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-04-04/pdf/2016-07647.pdf","presidential_document_number":null,"proclamation_number":null,"public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2016-07647.pdf?1459514901","publication_date":"2016-04-04","raw_text_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2016/04/04/2016-07647.txt","regulation_id_number_info":{},"regulation_id_numbers":[],"regulations_dot_gov_info":{"supporting_documents":[{"title":"EPA Response to Public Comments on the 2015 Draft Cadmium Aquatic Life AWQC","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753-0018"},{"title":"Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria Cadmium 2016 [EPA-820-R-16-002]","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753-0017"},{"title":"EPA Response to External Peer Review Report for Draft Cadmium Aquatic Life Criteria 11 30 15","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753-0004"},{"title":"External Peer Review Report for Cadmium Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria 9-30-15","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753-0003"},{"title":"Draft Cadmium Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria 11.25.15","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753-0002"}],"comments_url":"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=50&so=DESC&sb=postedDate&po=0&dct=PS&D=EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753","supporting_documents_count":5,"docket_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0753","regulation_id_number":null,"title":"Updated Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium","checked_regulationsdotgov_at":"2016-04-24T06:00:17Z"},"regulations_dot_gov_url":null,"significant":null,"signing_date":null,"start_page":19176,"subtype":null,"title":"Recommended Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium-2016","toc_doc":"Recommended Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium  2016","toc_subject":null,"topics":[],"type":"Notice","volume":81}