{"abstract":"We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine the eastern puma (=cougar) (Puma (=Felis) concolor couguar) to be extinct, based on the best available scientific and commercial information. This information shows no evidence of the existence of either an extant reproducing population or any individuals of the eastern puma subspecies; it also is highly unlikely that an eastern puma population could remain undetected since the last confirmed sighting in 1938. Therefore, under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended, we remove this subspecies from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.","action":"Final rule.","agencies":[{"raw_name":"DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR","name":"Interior Department","id":253,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/interior-department","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/253","parent_id":null,"slug":"interior-department"},{"raw_name":"Fish and Wildlife Service","name":"Fish and Wildlife Service","id":197,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/fish-and-wildlife-service","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/197","parent_id":253,"slug":"fish-and-wildlife-service"}],"body_html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2018/01/23/2018-01127.html","cfr_references":[{"chapter":null,"citation_url":null,"part":17,"title":50}],"citation":"83 FR 3086","comment_url":null,"comments_close_on":null,"correction_of":null,"corrections":[],"dates":"This rule is effective February 22, 2018.","disposition_notes":null,"docket_ids":["Docket No. FWS-R5-ES-2015-0001","50120-1113-000"],"dockets":[],"document_number":"2018-01127","effective_on":"2018-02-22","end_page":3099,"executive_order_notes":null,"executive_order_number":null,"full_text_xml_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/xml/2018/01/23/2018-01127.xml","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/01/23/2018-01127/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-removing-the-eastern-puma-cougar-from-the-federal-list","images":{},"images_metadata":{},"json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents/2018-01127?publication_date=2018-01-23","mods_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/FR-2018-01-23/2018-01127/mods.xml","not_received_for_publication":null,"page_length":14,"page_views":{"count":9154,"last_updated":"2026-06-24 22:15:04 -0400"},"pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-01-23/pdf/2018-01127.pdf","presidential_document_number":null,"proclamation_number":null,"public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2018-01127.pdf?1516628766","publication_date":"2018-01-23","raw_text_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2018/01/23/2018-01127.txt","regulation_id_number_info":{"1018-AY05":{"issue":"201710","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1018-AY05/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-removal-of-eastern-cougar-from-the-list-of-endangered-","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of Eastern Cougar From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife","xml_url":"http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=201710&RIN=1018-AY05&operation=OPERATION_EXPORT_XML","priority_category":"Substantive, Nonsignificant"}},"regulation_id_numbers":["1018-AY05"],"regulations_dot_gov_info":{"supporting_documents":[{"title":"Literature cited for Eastern Cougar Final Rule","document_id":"FWS-R5-ES-2015-0001-0079"}],"regulatory_plan":{"html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1018-AY05/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-removal-of-eastern-cougar-from-the-list-of-endangered-","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of Eastern Cougar From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife"},"comments_url":"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=50&so=DESC&sb=postedDate&po=0&dct=PS&D=FWS-R5-ES-2015-0001","supporting_documents_count":1,"docket_id":"FWS-R5-ES-2015-0001","regulation_id_number":"1018-AY05","title":"Remove the Eastern Puma (=Cougar) from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife","checked_regulationsdotgov_at":"2018-02-12T06:00:21Z"},"regulations_dot_gov_url":null,"significant":false,"signing_date":null,"start_page":3086,"subtype":null,"title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Eastern Puma (=Cougar) From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife","toc_doc":"Removing Eastern Puma (Cougar) from Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife","toc_subject":"Endangered and Threatened Species:","topics":["Endangered and threatened species","Exports","Imports","Reporting and recordkeeping requirements","Transportation"],"type":"Rule","volume":83}