{"abstract":"As part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) commitment to safeguarding the environment from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the agency is announcing the availability of the \"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)\" for a 60-day public comment period. This draft risk assessment reflects the agency's latest scientific understanding of the potential risks to human health and the environment posed by the presence of PFOA and PFOS in sewage sludge that is land applied as a soil conditioner or fertilizer (on agricultural, forested, and other lands), surface disposed, or incinerated. The draft risk assessment focuses on those living on or near impacted sites or those that rely primarily on their products (e.g., food crops, animal products, drinking water); the draft risk assessment does not model risks for the general public. This draft risk assessment underwent independent external peer review, and the EPA revised the document accordingly. Once finalized, the risk assessment will provide information on risk from use or disposal of sewage sludge and will inform the EPA's potential future regulatory actions under the Clean Water Act (CWA).","action":"Notice of availability.","agencies":[{"raw_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","id":145,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/environmental-protection-agency","json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/agencies/145","parent_id":null,"slug":"environmental-protection-agency"}],"body_html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2025/01/15/2025-00734.html","cfr_references":[],"citation":"90 FR 3859","comment_url":null,"comments_close_on":"2025-03-17","correction_of":null,"corrections":[],"dates":"Comments must be received on or before March 17, 2025.","disposition_notes":null,"docket_ids":["EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504","FRL 12451-01-OW"],"dockets":[{"supporting_documents":[{"title":"Summary from July 31, 2025 Call Between EPA and the Waterkeeper Alliance Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0106"},{"title":"Biosolids Listening Sessions on the PFOA and PFOS Draft Risk Assessment Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0097"},{"title":"Biosolids Listening Sessions on the PFOA and PFOS Draft Risk Assessment Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0094"},{"title":"Notes from June 12 2025 Call Between EPA and the CRROPS Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0093"},{"title":"Response to Select Science Advisory Board Comments Relevant to the Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0004"},{"title":"Response to External Peer Review Comments on the Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0003"},{"title":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0002"}],"agency_name":"EPA","documents":[{"comment_count":25385,"comment_start_date":"2025-01-15","updated_at":"2025-08-23T01:56:19.913-04:00","comment_url":"https://www.regulations.gov/commenton/EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0001","allow_late_comments":false,"id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0001","comment_end_date":"2025-08-15","regulations_dot_gov_open_for_comment":false}],"supporting_documents_count":7,"id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504","title":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)"}],"document_number":"2025-00734","effective_on":null,"end_page":3864,"executive_order_notes":null,"executive_order_number":null,"full_text_xml_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/xml/2025/01/15/2025-00734.xml","html_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/15/2025-00734/draft-sewage-sludge-risk-assessment-for-perfluorooctanoic-acid-pfoa-and-perfluorooctane-sulfonic","images":{},"images_metadata":{},"json_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents/2025-00734?publication_date=2025-01-15","mods_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/FR-2025-01-15/2025-00734/mods.xml","not_received_for_publication":null,"page_length":6,"page_views":{"count":5361,"last_updated":"2026-10-25 00:15:04 -0400"},"pdf_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-01-15/pdf/2025-00734.pdf","presidential_document_number":null,"proclamation_number":null,"public_inspection_pdf_url":"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-00734.pdf?1736862336","publication_date":"2025-01-15","raw_text_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2025/01/15/2025-00734.txt","regulation_id_number_info":{},"regulation_id_numbers":[],"regulations_dot_gov_info":{"supporting_documents":[{"title":"Summary from July 31, 2025 Call Between EPA and the Waterkeeper Alliance Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0106"},{"title":"Biosolids Listening Sessions on the PFOA and PFOS Draft Risk Assessment Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0097"},{"title":"Biosolids Listening Sessions on the PFOA and PFOS Draft Risk Assessment Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0094"},{"title":"Notes from June 12 2025 Call Between EPA and the CRROPS Memo to the Docket","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0093"},{"title":"Response to Select Science Advisory Board Comments Relevant to the Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0004"},{"title":"Response to External Peer Review Comments on the Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0003"},{"title":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for PFOA and PFOS","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0002"}],"comments_count":25385,"agency_id":"EPA","comments_url":"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=50&so=DESC&sb=postedDate&po=0&dct=PS&D=EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504","supporting_documents_count":7,"docket_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504","document_id":"EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504-0001","regulation_id_number":null,"title":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)","checked_regulationsdotgov_at":"2025-08-24T08:55:03Z"},"regulations_dot_gov_url":null,"significant":null,"signing_date":null,"start_page":3859,"subtype":null,"title":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)","toc_doc":"Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid","toc_subject":"Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment","topics":[],"type":"Notice","volume":90}