SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The purpose of the regulations in “Subpart —Movement of Plant Pests” (7 CFR 330.200 through 330.212, referred to below as the regulations) is to prevent the dissemination of plant pests within the United States by regulating their importation and interstate movement.

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is planning to revise its regulations regarding the movement of plant pests. APHIS intends to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) analyzing the potential environmental impacts associated with proposed regulatory requirements for movement not only of plant pests, but also of biological control organisms, and associated articles.

Under the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq., referred to below as the Act) the Secretary of Agriculture has broad authority to carry out operations or measures to detect, control, eradicate, suppress, prevent, or retard the spread of plant pests. Section 411(a) of the Act provides that “no person shall import, enter, export, or move in interstate commerce any plant pest, unless the importation, entry, exportation, or movement is authorized under general or specific permit and is in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue to prevent the introduction of plant pests into the United States.” Moreover, section 412(a) of the Act provides that the Secretary may prohibit or restrict the importation, entry, exportation, or movement in interstate commerce of, among other things, any biological control organism, if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the introduction into or the dissemination within the United States of a plant pest or noxious weed.

Accordingly, APHIS has the authority to regulate not only plant pests, but also biological control organisms, noxious weeds, and associated articles. APHIS is therefore considering revising the regulations to establish provisions for the movement and environmental release of biological control organisms and associated articles. APHIS is also considering revising the regulations for the movement of soil, and establishing regulations governing the biocontainment facilities in which plant pests, biological control organisms, and associated articles are held. The impacts associated with these changes to the regulations will also be analyzed in a programmatic EIS.

In addition to establishing a regulatory framework for the movement of new organisms and articles in a manner that protects U.S. agriculture, these proposed regulations would help clarify the existing requirements for the importation and domestic movement of plant pests. APHIS may also consider including within the proposed regulations other mitigating measures with the potential to equally reduce pest risk. We are requesting public comment to help us identify or confirm potential alternatives and environmental issues that should be examined in the EIS. We have identified three broad alternatives that we plan to consider in the EIS, as follows:

• Take no action. This would be characterized as no change in the existing regulations that apply to the movement of plant pests (while not contributing to the further mitigation of pest risk, the analysis of the no action alternative provides a baseline and is required by the National Environmental Policy Act and its implementing regulations).
• Revise requirements for movement of plant pests consistent with the scope of the Plant Protection Act (preferred alternative). This would be characterized by amendment or revision of the plant pest regulations to also cover biological control organisms and associated articles. It would also include revisions to the regulations for the movement of soil and the establishment ( printed page 53674) of regulations for biocontainment facilities.
• Implement a comprehensive risk reduction program (more expansive regulations to address specific risk categories). This would be characterized as a broad risk mitigation strategy that could involve various options such as increased inspection, regulations specific to a certain organism or group of related organisms, or extensive biocontainment requirements. While not the preferred alternative at this time, the risk mitigation strategy considered within this alternative could provide the basis at some point for future Agency regulatory actions, either to establish a new and more appropriate regulatory framework for the movement of plant pests, biological control organisms, and associated articles, or to augment the existing regulations with more effective mitigation measures to address the risk of such movement.

We will examine the potential effects on the human environment of each alternative. We are also interested in comments that identify other issues that should be examined in the EIS. Potential issues include other new mitigation measures, logistical considerations, environmental regulations and constraints, and harmonization of regulatory efforts.

The EIS will be prepared in accordance with: (1) The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), (2) regulations of the Council on Environmental Quality for implementing the procedural provisions of NEPA (40 CFR parts 1500-1508), (3) USDA regulations implementing NEPA (7 CFR part 1b), and (4) APHIS’ NEPA Implementing Procedures (7 CFR part 372).

Comments regarding the proposed scope of the EIS are welcome and will be considered fully. When APHIS has completed a draft EIS, a notice announcing its availability and an invitation to comment on it will be published in the Federal Register .

Done in Washington, DC, this 14^th day of October, 2009.