[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 181 (Monday, September 22, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 45313-45315]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-18340]



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Rules and Regulations
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.

The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 

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Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 181 / Monday, September 22, 2025 / 
Rules and Regulations

[[Page 45313]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 945

[Doc. No. AMS-SC-24-0042]


Irish Potatoes Grown in Certain Designated Counties in Idaho, and 
Malheur County, Oregon; Increased Assessment Rate

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule implements a recommendation from the Idaho-
Eastern Oregon Potato Committee (Committee) to increase the assessment 
rate established for the 2024-2025 fiscal period and subsequent fiscal 
periods from $0.002 to $0.003 per hundredweight of potatoes handled 
under the marketing order. The assessment rate will remain in effect 
indefinitely unless modified, suspended, or terminated.

DATES: Effective October 22, 2025.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Virginia Tjemsland, Marketing 
Specialist, or Barry M. Broadbent, Chief, Northwest Region Branch, 
Market Development Division, Specialty Crops Program, AMS, USDA; 
telephone: (503) 326-2724, or email: [email protected] or 
[email protected].
    Small businesses may request information on complying with this 
regulation by contacting Antoinette Carter, Market Development 
Division, Specialty Crops Program, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue 
SW, STOP 0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237; telephone: (202) 720-8085, or 
email: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This action, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553, 
amends regulations issued to carry out a marketing order as defined in 
7 CFR 900.2(j). This final rule is issued under Marketing Agreement No. 
98 and Marketing Order No. 945, both as amended (7 CFR part 945), 
regulating the handling of potatoes grown in certain counties in Idaho, 
and Malheur County, Oregon. Part 945 (referred to as the ``Order'') is 
effective pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, 
as amended (7 U.S.C. 601-674), hereinafter referred to as the ``Act.'' 
The Committee locally administers the Order and comprises producers and 
handlers of potatoes operating within the area of production.
    The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is issuing this final rule 
in conformance with Executive Orders 12866, as amended by Executive 
Order 13563. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess 
all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive 
Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. 
This action falls within a category of regulatory actions that the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) exempted from Executive Order 
12866 review.
    This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 13175, 
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments,'' which 
requires Federal agencies to consider whether their rulemaking actions 
would have tribal implications. AMS has determined that this final rule 
is unlikely to have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian 
tribes, on the relationship between the Federal government and Indian 
tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between 
the Federal government and Indian tribes.
    This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, 
``Civil Justice Reform.'' Under the Order now in effect, Idaho-Eastern 
Oregon potato handlers are subject to assessments. Funds to administer 
the Order are derived from such assessments. It is intended that the 
assessment rate will be applicable to all assessable Idaho-Eastern 
Oregon potatoes for the 2024-2025 fiscal period, and continue until 
amended, suspended, or terminated.
    The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted 
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 8c(15)(A) of the 
Act (7 U.S.C. 608(c)(15)(A)), any handler subject to an order may file 
with USDA a petition stating that the order, any provision of the 
order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the order is not in 
accordance with law and request a modification of the order or to be 
exempted therefrom. Such handler is afforded the opportunity for a 
hearing on the petition. After the hearing, USDA would rule on the 
petition. The Act provides that the district court of the United States 
in any district in which the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or 
her principal place of business, has jurisdiction to review USDA's 
ruling on the petition, provided an action is filed not later than 20 
days after the date of the entry of the ruling.
    This final rule increases the assessment rate for Idaho-Eastern 
Oregon potatoes handled under the Order from $0.002 per hundredweight, 
the rate that was established for the 2017-2018 fiscal period and 
subsequent fiscal periods (82 FR 28550), to $0.003 per hundredweight 
for the 2024-2025 fiscal period and subsequent fiscal periods.
    Sections 945.41 and 945.42 of the Order authorize the Committee, 
with AMS approval, to formulate an annual budget of expenses and 
collect assessments from handlers to administer the program. The 
members of the Committee are familiar with the Committee's needs and 
with the costs of goods and services in their local area and are able 
to formulate an appropriate budget and assessment rate. The assessment 
rate is formulated and discussed in a public meeting, and all directly 
affected persons have an opportunity to participate and provide input.
    For the 2017-2018 fiscal period and subsequent fiscal periods, the 
Committee recommended, and AMS approved, an assessment rate of $0.002 
per hundredweight of Idaho-Eastern Oregon potatoes within the 
production area (82 FR 28550). That rate continues in effect from 
fiscal period to fiscal period until modified, suspended, or terminated 
by AMS upon recommendation and information

[[Page 45314]]

submitted by the Committee or other information available to AMS.
    The Committee met on June 5, 2024, and unanimously recommended 
2024-2025 fiscal period expenditures of $99,522 and an assessment rate 
of $0.003 per hundredweight of Idaho Eastern-Oregon potatoes handled 
for the 2024-2025 and subsequent fiscal periods. In comparison, the 
budgeted expenditures for fiscal period 2023-2024 were $99,703. The 
assessment rate of $0.003 per hundredweight is $0.001 higher than the 
rate currently in effect. The Committee recommended increasing the 
assessment rate to better align assessment revenue with budgeted 
expenses and to replenish reserves which were depleted between August 
2017 and June 2024. The Committee estimates shipments for the 2024-2025 
season to be approximately 34,000,000 hundredweight, an increase from 
the 28,167,500 hundredweight handled for the 2023-2024 fiscal period.
    The major expenditures recommended by the Committee for the 2024-
2025 fiscal period include $75,489 in administrative expenses; $10,013 
for operational expenses; $4,670 for insurance/banking expenses; $4,000 
for annual audit/compliance expenses; $2,950 for committee travel 
expenses and $2,400 for IT support. For comparison, budgeted expenses 
for these items during the 2023-2024 fiscal period were $74,960, 
$10,013, $4,880, $4,500, $2,950, and $2,400, respectively.
    The estimated 34,000,000 hundredweight of Idaho-Eastern Oregon 
potatoes from the 2024-2025 crop is expected to generate $102,000 in 
assessment revenue at the new assessment rate (34,000,000 hundredweight 
of potatoes multiplied by $0.003 assessment rate). The assessment rate 
increase should be appropriate to ensure the Committee has sufficient 
revenue to fully fund its recommended 2024-2025 fiscal period budgeted 
expenditures and begin replenishing the Committee's reserve funds. The 
reserve shall be established at an amount not to exceed approximately 
one fiscal period's budgeted expenses.
    The Committee derived the recommended assessment rate by 
considering anticipated fiscal period expenses, expected shipments of 
potatoes, and the amount of funds available in the financial reserve. 
Income derived from handler assessments ($102,000) should be adequate 
to cover budgeted expenses ($99,522). Funds available in the financial 
reserve (currently about $80,000) will be kept within the maximum 
permitted by the Order (approximately one fiscal period's budgeted 
expenses as authorized in Sec.  945.44).
    The assessment rate will continue in effect indefinitely unless 
modified, suspended, or terminated by AMS upon recommendation and 
information submitted by the Committee or other available information. 
Although this assessment rate will be in effect for an indefinite 
period, the Committee will continue to meet prior to or during each 
fiscal period to recommend a budget of expenses and consider 
recommendations for modification of the assessment rate. The dates and 
times of Committee meetings are available from the Committee or AMS. 
Committee meetings are open to the public and interested persons may 
express their views at these meetings. AMS will evaluate Committee 
recommendations and other available information to determine whether 
modification of the assessment rate is needed. Further rulemaking would 
be undertaken as necessary. The Committee's 2024-2025 fiscal period 
budget, and those for subsequent fiscal periods, will be reviewed and, 
as appropriate, approved by AMS.

Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

    Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601-612), AMS has considered the economic impact of 
this final rule on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has prepared this 
final regulatory flexibility analysis.
    The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of 
businesses subject to such actions in order that small businesses will 
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued 
pursuant to the Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are unique in 
that they are brought about through group action of essentially small 
entities acting on their own behalf.
    There are approximately 450 producers of Idaho-Eastern Oregon 
potatoes in the production area and 32 handlers subject to regulation 
under the Order. At the time this analysis was prepared, the Small 
Business Administration (SBA) defined small agricultural service firms 
as those having annual receipts equal to or less than $34,000,000 
(North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 115114, 
Postharvest Crop Activities), and small agricultural producers of 
potatoes as those having annual receipts equal to or less than 
$4,250,000 (NAICS code 111211, Potato Farming) (13 CFR 121.201).
    According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), 
the average annual producer price received for fresh market potatoes in 
Idaho, and Malheur County, Oregon, in 2022, the most recent full year 
for which there is NASS data, was $12.50 per hundredweight. Total 
shipments of Idaho-Eastern Oregon potatoes for the 2021-2022 season 
were reported by the Committee to be 28,167,500 hundredweight. Using 
the average producer price from 2022, the total 2021-2022 crop value of 
Idaho-Eastern Oregon potatoes could therefore be estimated to be 
$352,093,750 (28,167,500 hundredweight times $12.50 per hundredweight). 
Dividing the crop value by the estimated number of producers (450) 
yields an estimated average receipt per producer of $782,431. This 
figure is well below the SBA small agricultural producer threshold of 
$4,250,000 in annual receipts. Assuming a normal distribution, this 
provides evidence that a large majority of potato producers would 
likely be considered small agricultural producers according to the SBA 
definition.
    According to AMS Market News data, the reported average free on 
board (FOB) price for potatoes from Idaho-Eastern Oregon over the 2021-
2022 fiscal period was $15.68 per 50-pound carton, depending upon 
variety, size and grade, and shipping date. Multiplying this figure by 
2 (to adjust to hundredweight) yields an average FOB price of $31.36 
per hundredweight for the 2021-2022 fiscal period. Multiplying the 
2021-2022 Idaho-Eastern Oregon potato production of 28,167,500 
hundredweight by the estimated average price per hundredweight of 
$31.36 equals $883,332,800. Dividing this figure by 32 regulated 
handlers yields estimated average annual handler receipts of 
$27,604,150 ($883,332,800 divided by 32 handlers), which is below the 
SBA threshold for small agricultural service firms. Therefore, 
according to the above data and assuming a normal distribution, most of 
the producers, and many of the handlers, of Idaho-Eastern Oregon 
potatoes may be classified as small entities.
    This rule increases the assessment rate collected from handlers for 
the 2024-2025 and subsequent fiscal periods from $0.002 to $0.003 per 
hundredweight of Idaho-Eastern Oregon potatoes. The Committee 
unanimously recommended 2024-2025 fiscal period expenditures of $99,522 
and an assessment rate of $0.003 per hundredweight of Idaho-Eastern 
Oregon potatoes handled. The new assessment rate of $0.003 per 
hundredweight is

[[Page 45315]]

$0.001 higher than the rate currently in effect. The Committee 
estimates the industry will handle 34,000,000 hundredweight of Idaho-
Eastern Oregon potatoes during the 2024-2025 fiscal period. Thus, the 
$0.003 per hundredweight rate should provide $102,000 in assessment 
income (34,000,000 hundredweight multiplied by $0.003). The Committee 
expects that income generated from handler assessments will be 
sufficient to meet budgeted expenditures for the 2024-2025 fiscal 
period.
    The major expenditures recommended by the Committee for the 2024-
2025 fiscal period include $75,489 in administrative expenses; $10,013 
for operational expenses; $4,670 for insurance/banking expenses; $4,000 
for annual audit/compliance expenses; $2,950 for committee travel 
expenses and $2,400 for IT support. For comparison, budgeted expenses 
for these items during the 2023-2024 fiscal period were $74,960, 
$10,013, $4,880, $4,500, $2,950, and $2,400, respectively.
    In recent years, the Committee has utilized reserve funds to 
partially fund its budgeted expenditures. The Committee recommended 
increasing the assessment rate to fully fund 2024-2025 fiscal period 
budgeted expenditures and replenish the reserve funds. This action is 
expected to add an estimated $2,478 to the Committee's financial 
reserve fund. The reserve shall be established at an amount not to 
exceed approximately one fiscal period's budgeted expenses.
    Prior to arriving at this budget and assessment rate 
recommendation, the Committee discussed various alternatives, including 
maintaining the current assessment rate of $0.002 per hundredweight and 
increasing the assessment rate by different amounts. However, the 
Committee determined that the assessment rate as established herein 
will fully fund budgeted expenses and replenish reserves to appropriate 
levels. The assessment rate of $0.003 per hundredweight of Idaho-
Eastern Oregon potatoes was derived by considering anticipated 
expenses, the projected volume of assessable Idaho-Eastern Oregon 
potatoes, the projected monetary balance held in reserve, and 
additional pertinent factors.
    A review of NASS information indicates that the average producer 
price for the 2021-2022 fiscal period was $12.50 per hundredweight of 
potatoes in the production area. Therefore, utilizing the assessment 
rate of $0.003 per hundredweight, assessment revenue for the 2021-2022 
fiscal period, as a percentage of total producer revenue, would have 
been approximately 0.024 percent of total producer revenue ($0.003 
divided by $12.50 multiplied by 100).
    This action increases the assessment obligation imposed on Idaho-
Eastern Oregon potato handlers. Assessments are applied uniformly on 
all handlers, and some of the costs may be passed on to producers. 
However, these costs are expected to be offset by the benefits derived 
by the operation of the Order.
    The Committee's meetings are widely publicized throughout the 
production area. The Idaho-Eastern Oregon potato industry and all 
interested persons are invited to attend the meetings and participate 
in Committee deliberations on all issues. Like all Committee meetings, 
the June 5, 2024, meeting was a public meeting and all entities, both 
large and small, were able to express views on this issue. Finally, 
interested persons were invited to submit comments on this rule, 
including the regulatory and information collection impacts of this 
action on small businesses.
    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
chapter 35), the Order's information collection requirements have been 
previously approved by OMB and assigned OMB No. 0581-0178, Vegetable 
and Specialty Crops. No changes in those requirements will be necessary 
as a result of this final rule. Should any changes become necessary, 
they would be submitted to OMB for approval.
    This final rule will not impose any additional reporting or 
recordkeeping requirements on either small or large Idaho-Eastern 
Oregon potato handlers. As with all Federal marketing order programs, 
reports and forms are periodically reviewed to reduce information 
requirements and duplication by industry and public sector agencies.
    AMS is committed to complying with the E-Government Act to promote 
the use of the internet and other information technologies and to 
provide increased opportunities for citizen access to Government 
information and services, and for other purposes.
    AMS has not identified any relevant Federal rules that duplicate, 
overlap, or conflict with this final rule.
    A proposed rule concerning this action published in the Federal 
Register on September 27, 2024 (89 FR 79175). Copies of the proposed 
rule were provided to all Idaho-Eastern Oregon potato handlers. In 
addition, the proposal was made available through the internet by AMS 
and the Office of the Federal Register via https://www.regulations.gov. 
A 30-day comment period ending October 28, 2024, was provided for 
interested persons to respond to the proposal. AMS received one comment 
during the comment period that did not address the merits of the 
proposal. Accordingly, AMS made no changes to the rule.
    A small business guide on complying with fruit, vegetable, and 
specialty crop marketing agreements and orders may be viewed at: 
https://www.ams.usda.gov/rulesregulations/moa/small-businesses. Any 
questions about the compliance guide should be sent to Antoinette 
Carter at the previously-mentioned address in the FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
    After consideration of all relevant material presented, including 
the information and recommendations submitted by the Committee and 
other available information, AMS has determined that this rule tends to 
effectuate the declared policy of the Act.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 945

    Marketing agreements, Potatoes, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Agricultural 
Marketing Service amends 7 CFR part 945 as follows:

PART 945--IRISH POTATOES GROWN IN CERTAIN DESIGNATED COUNTIES IN 
IDAHO, AND MALHEUR COUNTY, OREGON.

0
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR part 945 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.


0
2. Revise Sec.  945.249 to read as follows:


Sec.  945.249  Assessment rate.

    On and after August 1, 2024, an assessment rate of $0.003 per 
hundredweight is established for Idaho-Eastern Oregon potatoes.

Erin Morris,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
[FR Doc. 2025-18340 Filed 9-19-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P