[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 190 (Friday, October 3, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 47989-47998]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-19459]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 648

[Docket No. 250424-0072]
RIN 0648-BN64


Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act 
Provisions; Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Northeast 
Multispecies Fishery; Temporary Rule To Extend Fishing Year 2025 
Measures

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Temporary rule; emergency action.

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SUMMARY: This rule extends the emergency measures to revise portions of 
the fishing year 2025 provisions in the Northeast multispecies fishery. 
This action is necessary to address an emergency presented by an 
absence of approved specifications and other measures for fishing year 
2025. This action is intended to mitigate economic harm to the 
Northeast multispecies fishery participants by establishing fish stock 
quotas and related measures that allow the fishery to operate while 
preventing overfishing.

DATES: Effective as of October 3, 2025, Sec. Sec.  648.14 and 648.89 as 
amended at 90 FR 18804 is extended through April 30, 2026.

ADDRESSES: NMFS developed a Supplemental Impact Report (SIR) for the 
Environmental Assessments (EA) for Framework Adjustments 65 and 66 to 
the Northeast Multispecies FMP that describes the impact that the 
measures in this temporary rule would have on the human environment. 
Copies of the SIR and the Regulatory Impact Review of this rulemaking 
are available on the internet at: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/new-england-mid-atlantic. Copies of each sector's operations 
plan and contracts for fishing years 2025-2026; the Sector Operations 
Plan, Contract, and EA requirements guidance document for fishing years 
2025-2026; and other supporting documents are available from the NMFS 
Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office website at: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/new-england-mid-atlantic. Copies of 
supporting sector documents are available from Heather Nelson at 
[email protected]. Copies of the EAs for Framework Adjustments 
65, 66, and 69 are available from Dr. Cate O'Keefe, Executive Director, 
New England Fishery Management Council, 50 Water Street, Mill 2, 
Newburyport, MA 01950. The Council's documents are also accessible via 
the internet at: http://www.nefmc.org/management-plans/northeast-multispecies or http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Heather Nelson, Fishery Management 
Specialist, phone: 978-281-9334; email: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On May 2, 2025, NMFS published an emergency 
rule to implement fishing year 2025 management measures for the 
Northeast Multispecies Fishery Management Plan (FMP) (90 FR 18804). The 
emergency rule:
     Set interim fishing year 2025 annual catch limits (ACL) 
for two stocks of cod--Gulf of Maine (GOM) cod and Georges Bank (GB) 
cod--as well as for GB haddock;
     Set fishing year 2025 total allowable catches (TAC) for 
Eastern GB cod and Eastern GB haddock that are shared stocks between 
the United States and Canada;
     Confirmed projected fishing year 2025 specifications for 
other Northeast multispecies stocks that were previously published in 
Framework Adjustments 65 and 66;
     Approved Northeast multispecies (groundfish) sector 
operations plans and allocated annual catch entitlements (ACE) to the 
sectors, consistent with the catch limits described above;
     Prohibited recreational fishing vessels from possessing GB 
cod;
     Prohibited commercial fishing vessels fishing under the 
common pool management program from possessing GB cod;
     Set trimester TACs and possession limits for commercial 
vessels fishing in the common pool;
     Allocated zero common pool trips into the Closed Area II 
Yellowtail Flounder/Haddock Special Access Program (SAP) during fishing 
year 2025; and
     Closed the Regular B Days-at-Sea (DAS) program and 
prohibit usage of Regular B DAS in fishing year 2025.
    At the time the emergency rule was implemented, NMFS was 
considering two actions (Amendment 25 and Framework Adjustment 69) 
submitted by the New England Fishery Management Council (Council) that 
would have made changes to, and set measures for, the Northeast 
Multispecies FMP. Pending a final decision on these actions, the 
emergency rule ensured that the fishery could operate at the start of 
the fishing year on May 1, 2025, mitigating the adverse economic impact 
to the groundfish fishery if measures were not put in place.
    Following the implementation of the emergency rule, Amendment 25 
was disapproved on behalf of the Secretary of Commerce. Framework 69 to 
the FMP, which recommends the annual specifications necessary to 
authorize the fishery to operate in the 2025 fishing year beginning on 
May 1, 2025, and projected specifications for fishing years 2026 and 
2027, remains under consideration by NMFS. Framework 69 cannot be 
implemented when the current emergency rule expires on

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October 28, even if the framework is approved on or before that date.
    The emergency rule is in effect for 180 days, from May 1, 2025, 
through October 28, 2025. Under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery 
Conservation and Management Act, an emergency rule can be extended for 
an additional 186 days. An extension of the emergency rule is necessary 
to address the continuing emergency arising from the lack of approved 
specifications and other measures for the full fishing year 2025. 
Absent an extension of the rule, the lack of measures on October 29, 
2025, would create serious conservation and management problems for the 
fishery and severe economic harm to the Northeast multispecies fishery 
participants. Without this extension, vessels participating in the 
groundfish fishery would be unable to fish for the remainder of the 
2025 fishing year (through April 30, 2025) unless replaced by other 
measures (e.g., Framework 69 measures). This inability to fish would 
result in substantial adverse economic impacts on vessel owners and 
operators, dealers, and the fishing communities that rely on them.
    With this emergency rule extension, all emergency measures remain 
in place. Sector and common pool allocations are updated in this 
extension to reflect the final rosters that were not available when the 
emergency rule was originally implemented, and these updates are 
provided in Tables 1-8. Additionally, errors in table formatting in the 
original emergency rule are corrected. The extended emergency measures 
would remain in place through April 30, 2026, unless replaced by other 
measures.

                                                     Table 1--Catch Limits for the 2025 Fishing Year
                                                                    [Mt, live weight]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Total ACL   Groundfish   Sector    Common    Recreational    Midwater   Scallop     Small-       State    Other sub-
                                  ------------   sub-ACL     sub-ACL  pool sub-     sub-ACL       trawl     fishery      mesh     waters sub-  component
              Stock                           -----------------------    ACL   ----------------  fishery  -----------  fisheries   component -----------
                                     A to H                          ----------                -----------           ------------------------
                                                  A+B+C         A         B            C            D          E           F           G           H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GB Cod...........................         186          140       135         5  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          16          31
GOM Cod..........................         327          297       169         7             120  .........  .........  ..........          30         0.0
GB Haddock.......................       1,478        1,449     1,415        33  ..............         29  .........  ..........           0           0
GOM Haddock......................       2,183        2,108     1,343        36             729         22  .........  ..........          46         7.6
GB Yellowtail Flounder...........          68           56        52       3.7  ..............  .........       11.0         1.3         0.0         0.0
SNE/MA Yellowtail Flounder.......          38           33        24       9.0  ..............  .........        2.7  ..........         0.2         2.0
CC/GOM Yellowtail Flounder.......         873          808       761        48  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          28          37
American Plaice..................       5,009        4,957     4,803       154  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          26          26
Witch Flounder...................       1,196        1,146     1,102        44  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          19          31
GB Winter Flounder...............       1,446        1,431     1,360        71  ..............  .........  .........  ..........           0          15
GOM Winter Flounder..............         772          607       514        93  ..............  .........  .........  ..........         153        12.1
SNE/MA Winter Flounder...........         604          441       375        66  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          19         144
Redfish..........................       7,859        7,859     7,762        98  ..............  .........  .........  ..........           0           0
White Hake.......................       1,825        1,816     1,795        21  ..............  .........  .........  ..........           0          10
Pollock..........................      12,683       11,619    11,492       127  ..............  .........  .........  ..........         598         465
N. Windowpane Flounder...........         127           94        na        94  ..............  .........         27  ..........         0.0         6.8
S. Windowpane Flounder...........         205           30        na        30  ..............  .........         71  ..........         6.4          98
Ocean Pout.......................          83           49        na        49  ..............  .........  .........  ..........           0          34
Atlantic Halibut.................          75           58        na        58  ..............  .........  .........  ..........          16         1.2
Atlantic Wolffish................          87           87        na        87  ..............  .........  .........  ..........           0           0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n/a: not allocated to sectors.


                              Table 2--Fishing Year 2025 Common Pool Trimester TACs
                                                [Mt, live weight]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       2025
                              Stock                              -----------------------------------------------
                                                                    Trimester 1     Trimester 2     Trimester 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GB Cod..........................................................             1.3             1.6             1.8
GOM Cod.........................................................             3.4             2.3             1.2
GB Haddock......................................................             9.0            11.0            13.3
GOM Haddock.....................................................             9.7             9.4            17.0
GB Yellowtail Flounder..........................................             0.7             1.1             1.9
SNE/MA Yellowtail Flounder......................................             1.9             2.5             4.6
CC/GOM Yellowtail Flounder......................................            27.1            12.4             8.1
American Plaice.................................................           113.7            12.3            27.6
Witch Flounder..................................................            24.1             8.8            11.0
GB Winter Flounder..............................................             5.7            17.0            48.2
GOM Winter Flounder.............................................            34.5            35.5            23.3
Redfish.........................................................            24.4            30.2            42.9
White Hake......................................................             7.9             6.5             6.5
Pollock.........................................................            35.6            44.6            47.1
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[[Page 47991]]


      Table 3--Fishing Year 2025 Common Pool Incidental Catch TACs
                            [Mt, live weight]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Percentage of
               Stock                 common pool sub-         2025
                                           ACL
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GB Cod............................               1.68               0.08
GOM Cod...........................                  1               0.07
GB Yellowtail Flounder............                  2               0.07
CC/GOM Yellowtail Flounder........                  1               0.48
American Plaice...................                  5               7.68
Witch Flounder....................                  5               2.19
SNE/MA Winter Flounder............                  1               0.66
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table 4--Fishing Year 2025 Incidental Catch TACs for Each Special
                           Management Program
                            [Mt, live weight]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Eastern U.S./
               Stock                  Regular B DAS      Canada haddock
                                         program              SAP
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GB Cod............................               0.05               0.03
GOM Cod...........................               0.07                n/a
GB Yellowtail Flounder............               0.04               0.04
CC/GOM Yellowtail Flounder........               0.48                n/a
American Plaice...................               7.68                n/a
Witch Flounder....................               2.19                n/a
SNE/MA Winter Flounder............               0.66                n/a
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                Table 5--Fishing Year 2025 Regular B DAS Program Quarterly Incidental Catch TACs
                                                [Mt, live weight]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               2025
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                      Stock                         1st quarter     2nd quarter     3rd quarter     4th quarter
                                                   (13 percent)    (29 percent)    (29 percent)    (29 percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GB Cod..........................................            0.01            0.01            0.01            0.01
GOM Cod.........................................            0.01            0.02            0.02            0.02
GB Yellowtail Flounder..........................            0.00            0.01            0.01            0.01
CC/GOM Yellowtail Flounder......................            0.06            0.14            0.14            0.14
American Plaice.................................            1.00            2.23            2.23            2.23
Witch Flounder..................................            0.28            0.64            0.64            0.64
SNE/MA Winter Flounder..........................            0.09            0.19            0.19            0.19
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Comments and Responses

    NMFS received four comment letters on the emergency rule from: One 
individual; the Conservation Law Foundation (CLF); the Stellwagen Bank 
Charter Boat Association (SBCBA); and an attorney on behalf of the 
Northeast Seafood Coalition (NSC) and the Gloucester Fishing Community 
Preservation Fund (GFCPF). None of the comments NMFS received compels 
it to let the emergency rule expire and as such, NMFS has published 
this extension. The basis for the emergency remains: There are no 
measures in place or that would be in place, but for an emergency rule 
extension, that would allow for the continued operation of the 
groundfish fishery.

Comments in Support of the Emergency Rule

    Comment 1: One individual supported the emergency rule because it 
minimizes economic loss and ensures the continued operation of the 
Northeast multispecies fishery, while maintaining fish stock protection 
during a period of transition. That individual supported integration of 
the two-stock approach with the new four-stock method by incorporating 
the Council's updated scientific recommendations. The comment letter 
submitted on behalf of NSC and GFCPF stated that both organizations 
appreciated implementation of the emergency rule to ensure that the 
groundfish fishery was able to begin its fishing season on May 1, 2025, 
and continue operating. However, they also urged NMFS to revise the 
emergency measures.
    Response: NMFS agrees with comments in support of the emergency 
rule.

Comments on the Justification for the Emergency Rule

    Comment 2: CLF commented that NMFS failed to explain how the 
emergency rule was justified and failed to explain why the benefits of 
the emergency rule outweigh the process followed by the Council in the 
development of Amendment 25 and Framework Adjustment 69. CLF alleged 
that the events used to justify the emergency rule were neither 
unforeseen, nor recently discovered, and noted that the Council and the 
public were consistently informed by NMFS that failure to finalize 
Amendment 25 and Framework 69 would not warrant an emergency rule. CLF 
also alleged that NMFS failed to explain why the benefits of the 
emergency rule outweighed the open and transparent process that 
occurred during the Council's deliberations of Amendment 25 and 
Framework Adjustment 69, and that NMFS did not adequately document an 
economic argument.
    Response: NMFS disagrees. The emergency rule fully complied with 
all applicable law. As explained in detail in the emergency rule, NMFS' 
policy guidelines for the use of emergency rules (62 FR 44421; August 
21, 1997) specify 3 criteria for emergency rules: (1) The emergency 
results from recent, unforeseen events or recently discovered 
circumstances; (2) the emergency presents serious conservation or 
management problems in the fishery; and (3) the emergency can be 
addressed through emergency regulations for which the immediate 
benefits outweigh the value of advance notice, public comment, and 
deliberative consideration of the impacts on participants to the same 
extent as would be expected under the normal rulemaking process. NMFS' 
policy guidelines further provide that emergency action is justified 
for certain situations in which an emergency rule would prevent 
significant direct economic loss, or to preserve a significant economic 
opportunity that otherwise might be foregone.
    NMFS' implementation of this emergency rule and its extension is 
consistent with NMFS' policy. During the development of Amendment 25 
and Framework 69, the Council was informed that NMFS' policy states 
that an emergency rule may not be based on administrative inaction to 
solve a long-recognized problem. The inability to implement Amendment 
25 and Framework 69 was not due to administrative inaction. The Council 
developed both actions with the expectation they could be reviewed and 
approved or disapproved in time for the beginning of the fishing year. 
NMFS also expected the actions would be reviewable in a timely manner 
and was acting as quickly as practicable. Throughout the development of 
Amendment 25 and Framework Adjustment 69, NMFS anticipated that both 
actions could be reviewed simultaneously in a way that allowed for the 
Secretary of Commerce to make decisions regarding both interrelated 
actions at the same time. NMFS' inability to complete the process 
mandated by the Magnuson-Stevens Act for both Amendment 25 and 
Framework Adjustment 69 in a coordinated and timely way that would 
allow for a decision and potential implementation prior to May 1, 2025, 
was unforeseen and contrary to its plan. At the beginning of the 
fishing year, the Amendment 25 decision was still pending and Framework 
69 remained under NMFS consideration on May 1, necessitating the 
emergency rule to allow the fishery to operate and provide NMFS with an 
opportunity to complete, not replace, the Council and rulemaking 
process. The inability to complete this task was not inaction, however, 
as evidenced by NMFS' publication of the Amendment 25 notice of 
availability, reception and consideration of comments on Amendment 25, 
and its disapproval.
    The emergency rule was justified to preserve a significant economic 
opportunity that otherwise might be foregone. In the absence of 
Framework Adjustment 69's specifications and other measures, vessels 
enrolled in groundfish sectors, which comprise the vast majority of the 
commercial groundfish fleet, would not have been authorized to fish 
when the fishing year began on May 1 without an emergency rule. 
Measures for the recreational fishery and the commercial common pool in 
the emergency rule also were necessary to allow those fisheries to 
operate while preventing overfishing of Atlantic cod. As discussed in 
detail in the Regulatory Impact Review included in the Supplemental 
Information Report (see ADDRESSES) that accompanied the emergency rule, 
the emergency rule was estimated to result in an estimated commercial 
groundfish revenue of approximately $33M relative to no action (not 
allocating ACE to groundfish sectors) that would have resulted in 
negligible revenue.
    Comment 3: CLF alleged that NMFS failed to meet the Magnuson-
Stevens Act timing requirement outlined in 16 U.S.C. 1854(b) with 
regard to the NMFS' justification for the emergency rule. CLF 
questioned why NMFS failed to make a determination and publish proposed 
regulations for Framework Adjustment 69 for public comment within 15 
days of the Council submitting the action.
    Response: The Magnuson-Stevens Act, in section 304(b), requires the 
Secretary of Commerce to immediately initiate an evaluation of proposed 
regulations submitted by a council to determine whether they are 
consistent with the FMP, council action, the Magnuson-Stevens Act, and 
other applicable law. Within 15 days of initiating such evaluation the 
Secretary must make a determination and, if that determination is 
affirmative, publish the regulations in the Federal Register for public 
comment.
    As stated in the temporary rule, it was necessary to address the 
emergency presented by a gap of approved specifications and other 
measures for

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fishing year 2025. The actions recommended by the Council in Amendment 
25 and Framework Adjustment 69 could not have proceeded through notice 
and comment rulemaking toward approval or disapproval prior to the 
beginning of the Northeast multispecies fishing year on May 1, 2025. 
Earlier publication of the proposed regulations would not have changed 
this determination.

Calculation of Cod Quotas

    Comment 4: The comment submitted on behalf of NSC and GFCPF alleged 
that the emergency rule is not consistent with applicable law and urged 
that the emergency rule be revised. They also alleged that the 
disapproval of Amendment 25 means there is no legal basis to set cod 
specifications based on the 2024 assessments for the four new cod 
stocks. The comment stated that the GB and GOM cod emergency 
specifications should be set at 75 percent of the 2024 ACLs for the 
remainder of the 180-day effective period of the emergency rule while 
revised assessments should be completed for the GB and GOM cod stocks. 
The SBCBA recommended that NMFS consider limited 2025 assessments of 
Western Gulf of Maine (WGOM) cod and Southern New England (SNE) cod 
that incorporate data from the Recreational Biological Sampling Program 
(RecBio) and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission's Hook and 
Line Survey.
    Response: NMFS disagrees that the emergency rule is inconsistent 
with applicable law. National Standard 2 requires that conservation and 
management measures be based upon the best scientific information 
available (BSIA). The National Standard 2 guidelines codified at 50 CFR 
600.315 discuss scientific information, verification and validation, 
the role of the Council's Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) in 
the evaluation of scientific information and advising the Council, the 
use of BSIA in decision making, and the timeliness of management 
actions. Specifically, in Sec.  600.315(e), the guidelines state that 
FMPs should be amended on a timely basis as new information indicates 
the necessity for change and that FMPs must take into account the BSIA 
available at the time of preparation.
    On May 19, 2025, NMFS notified the Council that Amendment 25 was 
disapproved. As a result, the Northeast Multispecies FMP continues to 
include two cod stocks: GOM cod and GB cod. However, the BSIA for 
Atlantic cod remains the June 2024 management track assessments for 
Eastern Gulf of Maine (EGOM) cod, WGOM cod, GB cod, and SNE cod. The 
SSC reviewed the four assessments at its July 2024 meeting and 
recommended overfishing limits (OFL) and acceptable biological catches 
(ABC) for the four stocks for fishing years 2025, 2026, and 2027. 
Consistent with National Standard 2, that information must be 
considered when setting quotas.
    As stated in the emergency rule, beginning May 1, 2025, there were 
no existing approved specifications for the existing two stocks of 
Atlantic cod for fishing year 2025. The Northeast Multispecies FMP 
includes provisions, at Sec.  648.90(a)(3), for setting default 
specifications for up to 6 months. Default catch limits are set at the 
lesser of 75 percent of the previous year's specifications or the 
Council's recommended specifications for the current year. As described 
in detail in the emergency rule, NMFS determined the default 
allocations of 75 percent would exceed the Council's recommended U.S. 
ABCs for the proposed four stocks of Atlantic cod in Framework 
Adjustment 69, and the default allocations of 75 percent would also 
exceed the Council's recommended 2025 U.S. ABCs when translated to the 
current two stocks. To ensure the emergency rule prevents overfishing 
while it is in effect, and to be consistent with the Northeast 
Multispecies FMP's default specification provisions, NMFS set fishing 
year 2025 specifications for the existing GB cod and GOM cod stocks 
based on an application of the Council-recommended four Atlantic cod 
ABCs, which are based on the BSIA and reflect the biological conditions 
of the four stocks. This rule extends those specifications through the 
remainder of fishing year 2025.
    Because the four-stock structure for Atlantic cod is the BSIA, new 
assessments of the old stocks of GB cod and GOM cod would be 
inconsistent with National Standard 2, and there is insufficient 
available time or resources to conduct any new cod assessment this 
fishing year. The Northeast Region Coordinating Council (NRCC) is 
responsible for coordinating fisheries science resources and scheduling 
stock assessments. Assessment resources are extraordinarily limited. 
There is no reasonable way to reassess these stocks as urged given the 
limited time and resources. To the contrary, these limitations have 
required postponement of many assessments, including Atlantic cod. At 
its August 2025 meeting, the NRCC decided not to re-assess Atlantic cod 
stocks until at least 2027. At that time, the assessment scientists 
would review available data sets and determine which to include, 
including the possibility of incorporating the RecBio information and 
the Commission's Hook and Line Survey.
    Comment 5: One individual suggested that NMFS provide a simple 
diagram or flowchart to explain how historical cod allocations are 
calculated, how the 75-percent default quotas are calculated, and how 
the 2024 management track assessments were used in calculating quotas 
for 2025.
    Response: In the emergency rule published on May 2, 2025, NMFS 
included Table 1 (2025 Atlantic Cod Quotas Calculated Using Council's 
Recommendations in Framework 69). That table shows the ABCs for the 
four new cod stocks recommended by the SSC and how they were used to 
calculate the ABCs for the existing GB and GOM cod stocks. The 
apportionment percentage used for WGOM cod in Table 1 is based on the 
Council's preferred alternative in Framework Adjustment 69 (see 
ADDRESSES) and the underlying analyses for that apportionment are not 
reprinted here. Each year, NMFS sends a letter to each limited access 
permit holder that details the amount of fish (in pounds) that the 
permit would contribute to a sector if enrolled in the coming fishing 
year and how those amounts are calculated. Information about the 
calculation of potential sector contributions is available on the web 
at: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/commercial-fishing/fishing-year-2025-sectors#annual-catch-entitlements.

Preventing Overfishing

    Comment 6: CLF expressed concerns that continuing to manage 
Atlantic cod as two stocks would lead to continued overfishing of the 
WGOM and SNE cod stocks, and compromise rebuilding of the EGOM and GB 
cod stocks. CLF also raised a concern that the emergency rule 
prioritizes short-term economic benefits over the requirement to 
rebuild stocks and the long-term economic gains associated with rebuilt 
stocks. CLF suggested that the emergency rule should give more 
consideration to ending overfishing on the SNE and WGOM cod stocks, and 
preventing overfishing of the EGOM and GB cod stock, but acknowledged 
that no status determination (i.e., overfished and/or overfishing) can 
be made for these four stocks until they are added to the FMP.
    Response: NMFS disagrees the emergency rule will allow overfishing 
but agrees that status determinations cannot be made for the four new 
cod stocks prior to their addition to the FMP. National Standard 1 
requires that

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conservation and management measures prevent overfishing while 
achieving, on a continuing basis, the optimum yield from each fishery. 
The National Standard 1 guidelines codified at Sec.  600.315 provide 
detailed information on how an FMP should meet these requirements. At 
Sec.  600.310(e)(2)(i)(B), overfishing is defined as occurring when the 
level of fishing mortality or total catch of a stock jeopardizes the 
capacity of a stock or stock complex to produce maximum sustainable 
yield (MSY) on a continuing basis. As explained in the emergency rule 
published on May 2, 2025, and referenced in the response to comment 4, 
NMFS set fishing year 2025 specifications for the existing GB cod and 
GOM cod stocks based on an application of the Council-recommended four 
Atlantic cod ABCs, which are based on the BSIA and reflect the 
biological conditions of the four stocks. The quotas implemented by the 
emergency rule represent a balance between preventing overfishing and 
setting catch limits using scientific determinations based on four cod 
biological stock units and operationally equivalent measures for two 
cod biological stock units that are designed to reflect status quo 
conditions to the extent practicable during the period this action is 
in effect. The overall cod catch, when the Council's recommended four 
cod U.S. ABCs for 2025 from Framework Adjustment 69 are combined and 
allocated to GOM cod and GB cod, represents a 50-percent reduction in 
cod quotas overall from the 2024 fishing year for the two cod stocks. 
NMFS has determined that allowing fishing for one year at the 
calculated levels will not jeopardize the potential for any stock of 
Atlantic cod to produce MSY on a continuing basis. Future stock status 
determinations, assessments, and Council actions will incorporate the 
realized catch from 2025.

Calculation of the GB Haddock Quota

    Comment 7: NSC and GFCPF argued that the U.S. ABC for GB haddock 
should be revised upward. In their comment, they alleged that the 2025 
U.S. ABC for GB haddock is not based on BSIA and is therefore illegal. 
NSC and GFCPF raise concerns with the 2024 assessment of GB haddock on 
two bases: (1) The determination of the proportion of haddock in the 
Eastern and Western U.S. Canada Areas; and (2) a change made to the 
assessment model that improved the model's diagnostics.
    Response: As described in the emergency rule, to prevent 
overfishing, NMFS set the 2025 U.S. ABC for GB haddock at 1,556 mt, 
consistent with the Council's recommendation in Framework Adjustment 
69. The Council's recommendation was based on a new stock assessment 
completed in 2024. During its July 2024 review of that stock 
assessment, the Council's SSC determined the approach used in that 
assessment for spatial apportionment of biomass for domestic biomass 
was both appropriate and consistent with the method for U.S.-Canada 
resource sharing. The SSC provided several recommendations for future 
consideration, including topics related to the spatial apportionment. 
At its October 2024 meeting, the SSC recommended an OFL and total ABC 
to the Council, as required by the National Standard 2 guidelines at 
Sec.  600.315(c). The SSC also recommended that the Northeast Fisheries 
Science Center should review the use of the log-normal adjustment in 
the model, and develop a well-documented and consistent approach to its 
application.
    The National Standard 2 guidelines stipulate that the Council 
cannot exceed the SSC's recommendations. Thus, the 2025 GB haddock U.S. 
ABC implemented by the emergency rule is based on the BSIA and is 
consistent with the Magnuson-Stevens Act.

Management Uncertainty Buffer

    Comment 8: CLF agreed with retaining the uncertainty buffer for 
sector allocations in the emergency rule. It commented that the 
implementation of the emergency rule increases management uncertainty 
around Atlantic cod. CLF also argued that staff reductions at NMFS and 
the potential for funding shortfalls to reduce the at-sea monitoring 
coverage of the fishery could also reduce the ability for NMFS to 
effectively manage the fishery. In its comment, CLF urged NMFS to 
maintain the uncertainty buffer in any future actions to address the 
increased uncertainty and suggested NMFS could request that the Council 
revisit the uncertainty buffers included in Framework Adjustment 69.
    Response: NMFS agrees the uncertainty buffers for sectors should 
remain in place during the period the emergency rule is in place. 
However, NMFS disagrees that the Council should revisit the uncertainty 
buffers included in Framework Adjustment 69. The FMP specifies, at 
Sec.  648.90(a)(4)(i)(B), that the need for a management uncertainty 
buffer for sector sub-ACLs will continue to be evaluated as part of 
each Council specification action. The PDT is required to consider 
whether the 100-percent monitoring coverage target supports a zero 
percent buffer, or any other factor has a significant potential to 
result in catches that could exceed ACLs, and will recommend an 
appropriate management uncertainty buffer if necessary.

Recreational Measures

    Comment 9: The SBCBA raised concerns about the effects of the 
recreational cod measures implemented by the emergency rule. It 
requested that NMFS consider a liberalization of the recreational 
season or bag limit for GOM cod based on the cod catch that would have 
occurred during an open season in May if the Council's recommended 
recreational measures for WGOM had been implemented on May 1. It also 
recommended that NMFS implement the GOM cod recreational measures in 
statistical areas 521 and 526 (see Figure 1 in the May 2, 2025, 
emergency rule), which are part of the old GB cod stock area, but would 
be part of the new WGOM cod stock area. SBCBA also recommended that 
NMFS consider different measures for private recreational vessels and 
for the for-hire fleet (charter and party boats) to address their 
business needs. One individual also suggested NMFS pilot a temporary, 
adaptive, data-informed adjustment to the recreational possession limit 
for Atlantic cod in 2025 to better reflect current conditions.
    Response: NMFS disagrees. As explained in the emergency rule, 
recreational catch of GB cod would contribute to catch in the State 
Waters sub-component and the Other sub-component. The interim GB cod 
sub-components implemented by the emergency rule, and extended in this 
rule, are very low at a combined 47 mt (103,617 lb), which cannot 
support a directed recreational cod fishery. Recreational cod catch 
resulting from implementing the GOM cod recreational measures in 
statistical areas 521 and 526 would count against the GB cod sub-
components. Prohibiting possession of GB cod by private recreational 
vessels and for-hire recreational vessels is necessary to prevent 
overfishing of GB cod.

Stakeholder Engagement

    Comment 11: The individual's comment suggested that NMFS hold at 
least one stakeholder consultation during 2025 to solicit public input 
on possible changes to the emergency measures implemented by the 
emergency rule. The commenter suggested this would provide an 
opportunity to review field observations and stock data to make 
potential mid-year adjustments.
    Response: NMFS disagrees. The emergency rule published on May 2,

[[Page 47998]]

2025, solicited public comment through June 2, 2025. NMFS considered 
all comments submitted on the emergency rule prior to making a decision 
to extend the emergency measures through the end of the fishing year on 
April 30, 2026. In this rule, NMFS has responded to each written 
comment received. NMFS does not convene public meetings or input 
sessions as a way to collect input on emergency rules or emergency rule 
extensions.

Classification

    The Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, NOAA, has determined 
that this extension to the emergency rule is consistent with the 
criteria and justifications for use of emergency measures in section 
305(c) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, and is consistent with the 
Northeast Multispecies FMP, other provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens 
Act, the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), and other applicable law.
    Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Assistant Administrator for 
Fisheries, NOAA, finds good cause to waive prior notice and the 
opportunity for public comment because it would be impracticable and 
contrary to the public interest and would prevent the positive benefits 
this rule is intended to provide. This emergency action is necessary to 
relieve restrictions on the fishing industry and mitigate significant 
economic harm, while also preventing overfishing as required by 
statute.
    Without additional action, the emergency measures implemented on 
May 1, 2025, to set management measures for the groundfish fishery for 
fishing year 2025 would end on October 28, 2025. This includes approval 
of the groundfish sectors' operations plans. Groundfish sectors 
constitute 96 percent of all commercial groundfish catch. Any delay in 
this emergency extension would require all sector vessels to stop 
fishing, unless and until a future rulemaking provided approval to 
resume operation. Additionally, the original emergency rule provided 30 
days for public comment on the emergency measures. Thus, prior notice 
and opportunity for public comment for this extension rule would not 
provide any additional benefit than already provided by the comment 
opportunity provided by the May 2, 2025, publication. Further, prior 
notice and opportunity of public comment for this extension of that 
rule would not provide a benefit that would outweigh the need to avoid 
unnecessary economic harm on groundfish vessels.
    For the same reasons stated above (in the discussion of 5 U.S.C. 
553(b)(B)) and the following additional reasons, NOAA also finds good 
cause to waive the 30-day delay in the effective date, and implement 
this action on October 29, 2025 (the day the original emergency would 
have ended), pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). This rule relieves 
restrictions that would prevent sector fishery members from fishing. 
Because vessels have already opted to operate in the sector system, 
they would be legally barred from operating in the groundfish fishery 
unless and until their sector's operations plan was approved. 
Commercial fishing vessel and Federal dealer operations benefit from 
both continuity and certainty. The sector fishery has operated for 
fifteen years under the sector system that provides them with well-
known regulatory exemptions to restrictions that are provided by this 
action. Vessels do not need time to prepare for the implementation of 
this emergency rule, and instead need the immediate implementation of 
these measures to authorize them to fish consistent with their 
operations over the last 15 years.
    This action is being taken pursuant to the emergency provision of 
the Magnuson-Stevens Act and is exempt from Office of Management and 
Budget review. This is not a regulatory action pursuant to Executive 
Order (E.O.) 14192. This emergency rule is exempt from the procedures 
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act because the rule is issued without 
opportunity for prior notice and opportunity for public comment.
    This temporary rule for an emergency action contains no information 
collection requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
    I have determined that this action would not have a substantial 
direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between 
the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of 
power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian 
tribes; therefore, consultation with tribal officials under E.O. 13175 
is not required, and the requirements of sections (5)(b) and (5)(c) of 
E.O. 13175 also do not apply. A tribal summary impact statement under 
section (5)(b)(2)(B) and section (5)(c)(2)(B) of E.O. 13175 is not 
required and has not been prepared.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 648

    Fisheries, Fishing, Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

    Dated: October 1, 2025.
Samuel D. Rauch III,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine 
Fisheries Service.
[FR Doc. 2025-19459 Filed 10-2-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P