SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this Action Apply to Me?ÿ09
This notice is directed to the public in general. It may, however, be of particular interest to you if you manufacture (defined by statute to include import) and/or process TSCA-covered chemicals and you may be identified by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes 325 and 32411. Because this notice is directed to the general public and other entities may also be interested, the Agency has not attempted to describe all the specific entities that may be interested in this action. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the technical person listed under
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
.
B. How Can I Get Additional Information, Including Copies of this Document or Other Related Documents?ÿ09
1.
Electronically
. You may obtain electronic copies of this document, and certain other related documents that might be available electronically, from the EPA Internet Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/. To access this document, on the Home Page select “Laws and Regulations,” “Regulations and Proposed Rules,” and then look up the entry for this document under the “
Federal Register
—Environmental Documents.” You can also go directly to the
Federal Register
listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/.ÿ09
You may also access additional information about the ITC and the TSCA testing program through the web site for the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) at http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/home/opptsim.htm/, or go directly to the ITC home page at http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/itc/.
ÿ092.
In person
. The Agency has established an official record for this action under docket control number OPPTS–41056. The official record consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, any public comments received during an applicable comment period, and other information related to this action, including any information claimed as Confidential Business Information (CBI). This official record includes the documents that are physically located in the docket, as well as the documents that are referenced in those documents. The public version of the official record does not include any information claimed as CBI. The public version of the official record, which includes printed, paper versions of any electronic comments submitted during an applicable comment period, is available for inspection in the TSCA Nonconfidential Information Center, North East Mall Rm. B–607, Waterside Mall, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC. The Center is open from noon to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Center is (202) 260–7099.
C. How and to Whom Do I Submit Comments?ÿ09
You may submit comments through the mail, in person, or electronically. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, it is imperative that you identify docket control number OPPTS–41056 in the subject line on the first page of your response. ÿ09
1.
By mail
. Submit your comments to: Document Control Office (7407), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.ÿ09
2.
In person or by courier
. Deliver your comments to: OPPT Document Control Office (DCO) in East Tower Rm. G–099, Waterside Mall, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC. The DCO is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the DCO is (202) 260–7093. ÿ09
3.
Electronically
. You may submit your comments electronically by e-mail to: oppt.ncic@epa.gov, or mail your computer disk to the address identified above. Do not submit any information electronically that you consider to be CBI. Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Comments and data will also be accepted on standard disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 or ASCII file format. All comments in electronic form must be identified by docket control number OPPTS–41056. Electronic comments may also be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
D. How Should I Handle CBI Information that I Want to Submit to the Agency?ÿ09
Do not submit any information electronically that you consider to be CBI. You may claim information that you submit to EPA in response to this document as CBI by marking any part or all of that information as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes any information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public version of the official record. Information not marked confidential will be included in the public version of the official record without prior notice. If you have any questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, please consult the technical person listed under
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
.
E. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?ÿ09
We invite you to provide your views and comments on the ITC's 48
th
Report. You may find the following suggestions helpful for preparing your comments:ÿ09ÿ09 ÿ09
1. Explain your views as clearly as possible.ÿ09
2. Describe any assumptions that you used.ÿ09
3. Provide copies of any technical information and/or data you used that support your views.ÿ09
4. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.ÿ09
5. Offer alternatives for improvement. ÿ09
6. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, be sure to identify the docket control number assigned to this action in the subject line on the first page of your response. You may also provide the name, date, and
Federal Register
citation.
II. Backgroundÿ09
TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2601
et seq
.) authorizes the Administrator of the EPA to promulgate regulations under section 4(a) of TSCA requiring testing of chemicals and chemical groups in order to develop data relevant to determining the risks that such chemicals and chemical groups may present to health or the environment. Section 4(e) of TSCA established the ITC to recommend chemicals and chemical groups to the Administrator of the EPA for priority testing consideration. Section 4(e) of TSCA directs the ITC to revise the TSCA section 4(e)
Priority Testing List
at least every 6 months.
A. The 48
th
ITC Report
The 48
th
ITC Report was transmitted to the EPA's Administrator on May 15, 2001, and is included in this notice.
In the 48
th
ITC Report, the ITC:ÿ09
1. Adds 5 “chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines,” 2 “trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes,” 3-chlorotrifluralin, and 4 “trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols” to its
Priority Testing List
and solicits voluntary information for these chemicals under the ITC's VISP. This action is part of the ITC's ongoing effort to evaluate chemicals with potential to persist and bioconcentrate, and with suspicions of toxicity and few data. ÿ09
2. Removes 22 alkylphenols and ethoxylates, methylal, and ethyl silicate from its
Priority Testing List
.ÿ09
3. Requests that EPA promulgate TSCA section 8(d) health and safety data reporting rules for 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and glycoluril.
B. Status of the Priority Testing List
The current TSCA 4(e)
Priority Testing List
as of May 2001 can be found in Table 1 of the 48
th
ITC's Report which is included in this notice.
List of Subjects ÿ09
Environmental protection, Chemicals, Hazardous substances.
Dated: September 26, 2001.
Charles M. Auer,
Director, Chemical Control Division, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
Forty-Eighth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Table of Contents
ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09
Summary
I. Background
II. TSCA Section 8 Reporting ÿ09
A. TSCA Section 8 Reporting Rules ÿ09
B. ITC's Use of TSCA Section 8 and Other Information ÿ09
C. Promoting More Efficient Use of Information Submission Resources ÿ09
D. Coordinating Information Requests ÿ09
E. Requests to Promulgate TSCA Section 8(a) PAIR and Section 8(d) HaSD Reporting Rules
III. ITC's Activities During this Reporting Period (November 2000 to April 2001)ÿ09
IV. Revisions to the TSCA Section 4(e)
Priority Testing List
A. Chemicals Added to the
Priority Testing List
ÿ09
1. Chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines ÿ09
2. Trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes ÿ09
3. 3-Chlorotrifluralin
4. Trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols ÿ09ÿ09
B. Chemicals Removed From the
Priority Testing List
ÿ09
1. Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates ÿ09ÿ09
2. Methylal ÿ09ÿ09
3. Ethyl silicate ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09
V. References
VI. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee
SUMMARY
This is the 48
th
Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In this Report, the ITC is adding 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines, 2 trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes, 3-chlorotrifluralin, and 4 trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols to its
Priority Testing List
and soliciting voluntary information for these chemicals under the ITC's Voluntary Information Submissions Policy (VISP). This action is part of the ITC's ongoing effort to evaluate chemicals with suspicions of toxicity and few data and potential to persist and bioconcentrate. In this Report, the ITC is removing 22 alkylphenols and ethoxylates and methylal and ethyl silicate from its
Priority Testing List
. The ITC is removing 22 alkylphenols and ethoxylates from its
Priority Testing List
because domestic production or importation volumes were not reported to the USEPA in response to 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998 TSCA section 8(a) Information Update Rules (IURs) and in response to the TSCA section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Reporting (PAIR) rule published in the
Federal Register
of July 5, 2000 (65 FR 41371) (FRL–6589–1). The ITC is removing methylal and ethyl silicate from its
Priority Testing List
because data are being developed under the USEPA's High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. The revised TSCA section 4(e)
Priority Testing List
follows as Table 1.
Table 1.—The TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List (May 2001)
Report
Date
Chemical/group
Action
28
May 1991
Chemicals with Low Confidence Reference Dose (RfD)
Designated
Acetone
Thiophenol
30
May 1992
5 Siloxanes
Recommended
31
January 1993
13 Chemicals with insufficient dermal absorption rate data
Designated
32
May 1993
16 Chemicals with insufficient dermal absorption rate data
Designated
35
November 1994
4 Chemicals with insufficient dermal absorption rate data
Designated
37
November 1995
12 Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates
Recommended
39
November 1996
8 Nonylphenol ethoxylates
Recommended
41
November 1997
7 Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates
Recommended
42
May 1998
3-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole
Recommended
42
May 1998
Glycoluril
Recommended
46
May 2000
8 Nonylphenol polyethoxylate degradation products
Recommended
47
November 2000
37 Indium chemicals
Recommended
47
November 2000
Pentachlorothiophenol
Recommended
47
November 2000
Tetrachloropyrocatechol
Recommended
47
November 2000
p
-Toluidine, 5-chloro-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-nitro-
N
-phenyl
Recommended
47
November 2000
Benzoic acid, 3-[2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-, 2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl ester
Recommended
47
November 2000
3 Chloroalkenes
Recommended
48
May 2001
5 Chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines
Recommended
48
May 2001
2 Trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes
Recommended
48
May 2001
3-Chlorotrifluralin
Recommended
48
May 2001
4 Trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols
Recommended
I. Background ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09ÿ09
ÿ09The ITC was established by section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) “to make recommendations to the Administrator respecting the chemical substances and mixtures to which the Administrator should give priority consideration for the promulgation of a rule for testing under section 4(a).... At least every six months..., the Committee shall make such revisions to the
Priority Testing List
as it determines to be necessary and transmit them to the Administrator together with the Committee's reasons for the revisions” (Public Law 94–469, 90 Stat. 2003
et seq
., 15 U.S.C. 2601
et seq
.). Since its creation in 1976, the ITC has submitted 47 semi-annual (May and November) Reports to the EPA Administrator transmitting the
Priority Testing List
and its revisions. ITC Reports are available from the ITC's web site (http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/itc) within a few days of submission to the Administrator and from http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr after publication in the
Federal Register
. The ITC meets monthly and produces its revisions to the
Priority Testing List
with administrative and technical support from the ITC Staff, ITC Members, and their U.S. Government organizations and contract support provided by EPA. ITC Members and Staff are listed at the end of this Report.
II. TSCA Section 8 Reporting
ÿ09A. TSCA Section 8 Reporting Rules
Following receipt of the ITC's Report (and the revised
Priority Testing List
) by the USEPA Administrator, the USEPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) promulgates TSCA section 8(a) PAIR and TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data (HaSD) reporting rules for chemicals added to the
Priority Testing List
. The PAIR rule requires producers and importers of CAS-numbered chemicals added to the
Priority Testing List
to submit production and exposure reports under TSCA section 8(a). The HaSD reporting rule requires producers, importers, and processors of all chemicals (including those with no CAS numbers) added to the
Priority Testing List
to submit unpublished health and safety studies under TSCA section 8(d) that must be in compliance with the revised HaSD reporting rule published in the
Federal Register
of April 1, 1998 (63 FR 15765) (FRL–5750–4). All submissions must be received by the USEPA within 90 days of the reporting rules'
Federal Register
publication date. The reporting rules are automatically promulgated by OPPT unless otherwise requested by the ITC. It is an ITC policy, for most chemicals that are added to the
Priority Testing List
, to delay automatic promulgation of HaSD reporting rules to allow voluntary submission of studies of specific interest (see Unit II.C. of this Report for further details).
ÿ09B. ITC's Use of TSCA Section 8 and Other Information
The ITC reviews the TSCA section 8(a) PAIR reports, TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting studies and “other information” that becomes available after the ITC adds chemicals to the
Priority Testing List
. “Other information” includes TSCA section 4(a) and 4(d) studies, TSCA section 8(c) submissions, TSCA section 8(e) “substantial risk” notices, “For Your Information” (FYI) submissions, ITC voluntary submissions, unpublished data submitted to and from U.S. Government organizations represented on the ITC, published papers, as well as use, exposure, effects, and persistence data that are voluntarily submitted to the ITC by manufacturers, importers, processors, and users of chemicals recommended by the ITC. The ITC reviews this information and determines if data needs should be revised, if chemicals should be removed from the
Priority Testing List
, or if recommendations should be changed to designations.
C. Promoting More Efficient Use of Information Submission Resources
To promote more efficient use of information submission resources, the ITC developed VISP. VISP provides examples of data needed by ITC Member U.S. Government organizations, examples of studies that should not be submitted, the milestones for submitting information, guidelines for using the TSCA Electronic HaSD Reporting Form, and instructions for electronically submitting full studies. The TSCA Electronic HaSD Reporting Form can be used to provide information electronically on ITC voluntary submissions, TSCA section 8(d) studies, FYI submissions, and TSCA section 8(e) studies. VISP is described in the ITC's 41
st
Report published in the
Federal Register
of April 9, 1998 (63 FR 17658) (FRL–5773–5) and is accessible through the world wide web (http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/itc/visp.htm ). To facilitate the implementation of VISP, the ITC developed the Voluntary Information Submissions Innovative Online Network (VISION). VISION is described in the ITC's 42
nd
Report
published in the
Federal Register
of August 7, 1998 (63 FR 42554) (FRL–5797–8) and is accessible through the world wide web (http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/itc/vision.htm). VISION includes the VISP and links to the TSCA Electronic HaSD Reporting Form (http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/.er/hasd.htm) including revised section 3.2 of the TSCA Electronic HaSD Reporting Form to provide more use and exposure information (see the ITC's 46
th
Report published in the
Federal Register
of December 1, 2000 (65 FR 75552) (FRL–6594–7) for details. ÿ09
The ITC requests that chemical producers, importers, processors, and users provide information electronically via VISION on chemicals for which the ITC is soliciting voluntary information. To enhance visibility, the ITC will be adding all chemicals to the
Priority Testing List
for which it is soliciting voluntary information. If the ITC does not receive voluntary information submissions to meet its data needs according to the procedures in VISP, the ITC may then request that EPA promulgate the appropriate TSCA sections 8(a) and 8(d) reporting rules to determine if there are unpublished data to meet those needs. The ITC requests that those companies responding to a TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rule provide data by using the TSCA Electronic HaSD Reporting Form. ÿ09
D. Coordinating Information Requests
To avoid duplicate reporting, the ITC carefully coordinates its information solicitations and reporting requirements with other national and international testing programs, e.g., the National Toxicology Program, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Program, and the USEPA's HPV Challenge Program. The ITC is currently focusing its efforts on persistent non-HPV chemicals that have exposure potential, but few, if any, publicly available ecological or health effects data. The ITC is working with the USEPA's workgroups, such as the Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics (PBT), Endocrine Disruption, and perfluoroctylsulfonate chemicals workgroups to develop data that will complement the objectives of those programs.
E. Requests to Promulgate TSCA Section 8(a) PAIR and Section 8(d) HaSD Reporting Rules
The ITC has not received any submissions on the chloroalkenes, chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines, trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes, trifluralins and trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols in response to its solicitation for use and exposure information in the ITC's 45
th
Report. Therefore, the ITC is asking the EPA to promulgate a TSCA section 8(a) PAIR rule for the 3 chloroalkenes added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 47
th
Report published in the
Federal Register
of April 3, 2001 (66 FR 17768) (FRL–6763–6) and 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines, 2 trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes, 3-chlorotrifluralin, and 4 trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols added to the
Priority Testing List
in this 48
th
ITC Report. The PAIR data will provide production and exposure information and aid in the selection of chemicals for potential TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rules. ÿ09
The ITC is asking the USEPA not to promulgate TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rules for the alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates that were added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 39
th
Report published in the
Federal Register
of February 25, 1997 (62 FR 8578) (FRL–5580–9) and in the ITC's 41
st
Report because of a need to further review the data. The TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rule for methylal that was added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 42
nd
Report is no longer needed since this chemical is being removed from the
Priority Testing List
in this Report (see Unit IV.B.2. of this Report).ÿ09
At this time, the ITC is requesting that EPA not promulgate TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rules for the 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines, 2 trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes, 3-chlorotrifluralin, and 4 trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols added to the
Priority Testing List
in this ITC Report, to allow producers, importers, processors, and users an opportunity to voluntarily provide the requested information (see Unit IV. of this Report). ÿ09
After review of the information provided in the TSCA section 8(a) PAIR rule published in the
Federal Register
of July 24, 2000 (65 FR 45535) (FRL–6589–1), the ITC is requesting that the USEPA promulgate TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rules for 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (CAS No. 16691–43–3) and glycoluril (CAS No. 496–46–8). These TSCA section 8(d) HaSD reporting rules will require the submission of pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, and ecological effects studies. The chemical purity of 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and glycoluril in these studies should exceed 90%. ÿ09
III. ITC's Activities During this Reporting Period (November 2000 to April 2001)ÿ09 ÿ09
In its 45
th
and 46
th
ITC Reports, the ITC discussed its strategies to screen and evaluate chemicals for persistence and bioconcentration potential. These strategies are referred to as Degradation Effects Bioconcentration Information Testing Strategies (DEBITS). DEBITS provides a means to prioritize chemicals based on degradation, ecological or human health effects, and bioconcentration information. In its 45
th
ITC Report, the ITC added several chemicals to its web site to solicit measured bioconcentration data and use and exposure information. To avoid duplicate reporting requirements, the ITC is removing the USEPA's HPV Challenge Program chemicals (http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemrtk/hpvchmlt.htm) and European Union's HPVCs (http://ecb.ei.jrc.it/existing-chemicals/) from its web site. In its 46
th
ITC Report, the ITC initiated efforts to implement DEBITS by focusing its efforts on structural classes of chemicals from a subset of 42 moderate production volume (MPV) chemicals (production/importation volumes between 100,000 and 1,000,000 pounds) with estimated or measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs)
>
250 and about 70 structurally related non-MPV chemicals (also with BCFs
>
250). In its 47
th
ITC Report, the ITC added more of these chemicals from its DEBITS prioritization to its
Priority Testing List
. Other chemical groups such as nitro musks, polycyclic musks, and tertiary butyl peroxyl chemicals were reviewed but not added to the
Priority Testing List
.ÿ09
During this reporting period, the ITC continued to focus its efforts on structural classes of MPV chemicals by adding 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines, 2 trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes, 4 trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols, and 3-chlorotrifluralin to its
Priority Testing List
and soliciting voluntary health and ecological effects information for these chemicals under the ITC's VISP. The ITC evaluated several chlorinated pyridines, and azo bis (alpha nitriles) and decided not to add them to the
Priority Testing List
at this time.
IV. Revisions to the TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List
A. Chemicals Added to the Priority Testing List
1.
Chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines
—i.
Recommendation
. Five non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines are being added to the
Priority Testing List
to obtain information on
uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects as well as the percent by weight of any of the 5 unreacted chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines in formulated products. The 5 non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines are 3,5-dichloro-2-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 1128–16–1), 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 1134–04–9), 3,4,5-trichloro-2-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 1201–30–5), 2,6-dichloro-3-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 55366–30–8), and 2,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 69045–84–7). See Table 2 below.
Table 2.—Chlorinated Trihalomethyl Pyridines Identified by DEBITS
CAS No.
Chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridine
HPV
BCF
Fish LC
50
001128–16–1
3,5-Dichloro-2-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
No
238
3.5
001134–04–9
2,3,4,5-Tetrachloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
No
2343
0.1
001201–30–5
3,4,5-Trichloro-2-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
No
747
2.7
001817–13–6
3,6-Dichloro-2-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Yes
238
3.5
001929–82–4
2-Chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Yes
84
9.3
055366–30–8
2,6-Dichloro-3-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
No
238
3.1
069045–78–9
2-Chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Yes
76
7.6
069045–83–6
2,3-Dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Yes
238
3.2
069045–84–7
2,3-Dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine
No
45
12.2
ii.
Rationale for recommendation
. The 5 non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines are predicted to persist in the environment. They present suspicions of toxicity based on fish LC
50
values and mutagenicity based on data from structurally related compounds. Several of these non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines are produced/imported in substantial amounts (
>
100,000 pounds) and have potential to bioconcentrate.ÿ09ÿ09
iii.
Supporting information
. The ITC used DEBITS to identify 9 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines (Table 2 of this unit). Four of these chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines are in the USEPA's HPV Challenge Program, including the registered pesticide, nitrapyrin (CAS No. 1929–82–4). The ITC is not soliciting information on the HPV chemicals but did review the available toxicity and ecological effects information on these compounds to better evaluate the data needs for the non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines. ÿ09 ÿ09
The trichloro- and tetrachloro trichloromethyl pyridines have estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs)
>
250 while 2 of 3 dichloro trichloromethyl pyridines have estimated BCFs very close to this threshold (i.e., BCFs of 238). All five chloro trihalomethyl pyridines have fish LC
50
values about 10 milligram/Liter (mg/L) or less, indicating that they have potential to cause acute effects in fish. The fish LC
50
values are based on measured or estimated values for fathead minnows. The predicted mode of toxic action (based on fathead minnow models described by Russom et al., 1997) for 4 of 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines is narcosis. The tetrachloro trichloromethyl pyridine (CAS No. 1134–04–9) with the lowest fish LC
50
value and highest BCF is predicted to have a mode of toxic action based on uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.ÿ09 ÿ09
There were no health effects data available for the 5 chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines being added to the
Priority Testing List
. However, there were some available health effects data for the two HPV monochloro substituted trichloromethyl pyridines (CAS Nos. 1929–82–4 and 69045–78–9) and a HPV dichloro trichloromethyl pyridine (CAS No. 69045–83–6). ÿ09
Subchronic and mutagenicity data were available for 2-chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 69045–78–9). Mice exposed to 10 parts per million (ppm) of 2-chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine died after 4 days. Histologic examination of these animals revealed hepatic necrosis and vacuolization. No treatment related effects were observed at 0, 0.1, or 1.0 ppm exposure levels (Dow Chemical Co., 1991). In a dermal irritation study with rats, a dose of 500 mg/(kilogram) kg/day [for 21 days (18 hours per day)] 2-chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine produced a well-defined systemic toxic response characterized by hepatic necrosis and a disturbance of lipid metabolism. As a result of topical irritation among the rats in the 100 mg/kg/day group, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was 20 mg/kg/day (Hazelton Laboratories, 1992). In a number of mutagenicity test systems, 2-chloro-5- (trichloromethyl)pyridine was found to be mutagenic (Confidential, 1984a; Confidential 1984b; and Confidential 1984c). ÿ09
Subchronic data were available for 2,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CAS No. 69045–83–6). Degenerative lesions occurred in the nasal turbinates of rats and mice exposed to 0.5 ppm 2,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine for 2 weeks (Confidential, 1986).ÿ09
Numerous health effects data were available for 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine or nitrapyrin (CAS No. 1929–82–4). Nitrapyrin was well absorbed by dogs when administered using the oral route (Redemann et al., 1966). Oral administration of nitrapyrin at doses of 30 to 50 mg/kg/day and greater in pregnant rats and rabbits caused maternal and fetal toxicity (Berdasco et al., 1988). Nitrapyrin is also reported to be mutagenic in the reverse mutation assay in
Salmonella typhimurium
under most conditions (Zeiger et al., 1988). Hepatotoxicity occurred in rats dermally exposed to 500 mg/kg/day of 2-chloro-5- (trichloromethyl)-pyridine for 3 weeks (Hazelton Laboratory, 1992). ÿ09
iv.
Information needs
. ÿ09For the 5 non-HPV chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines in Table 2 of this unit, the ITC needs:
a. Use information, including percentages of production or importation that are associated with different uses;
b. Identification of the chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines that are intermediates and the final products in which they are contained;
c. Weight percent of chlorinated trihalomethyl pyridines in commercial formulated products; and
d. Pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects data.
2.
Trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes
—i.
Recommendation
. Two non-HPV trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes are being added to the
Priority Testing List
to obtain information on uses, exposures,
environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects. The 2 non-HPV trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes are hexafluoroisopropylidenebis (4-hydroxybenzene) and benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-. See Table 3 below.
Table 3.—Trihaloethylidene Bisbenzenes Identified by DEBITS
CAS No.
Trihaloethylidene bisbenzene
BCF
000072–43–5
Methoxychlor (2,2-bis(
p
-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane)
8128
001478–61–1
Hexafluoroisopropylidenebis (4-hydroxybenzene)
556
002971–22–4
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-
1122
ÿ09
ii.
Rationale for recommendation
. The 2 non-HPV trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes have been produced/imported in substantial amounts (
>
100,000 pounds) and are predicted to persist and bioconcentrate in the environment. Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis- (CAS No. 2971–22–4) is structurally related to the insecticide methoxychlor, which has estrogenic activity and has been shown to alter hormone levels, decrease fertility, damage reproductive organs, and retard reproductive development in experimental animals. ÿ09
iii.
Supporting information
. The ITC used DEBITS to identify 3 trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes (Table 3 of this unit). All are MPV chemicals that have estimated BCFs well over 250 (Table 3 of this unit). One of the trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes is the well studied insecticide, methoxychlor (CAS No. 72–43–5), that is not being added to the
Priority Testing List
but which is currently regulated by a number of international, Federal, and State agencies because of its potential to cause adverse effects in humans. Methoxychlor is included in the USEPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) PBT rule published in the
Federal Register
of November 4, 1999 (64 FR 60194) (FRL–6097–7) and is a candidate for regulatory action under the USEPA's PBT Initiative. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has recently completed a Toxicological Profile for methoxychlor which summarizes available health effects data (ATSDR, 2000). Among the effects that are relevant to predicting the effects of hexafluoroisopropylidenebis (4-hydroxybenzene) and benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis- are those related to alteration of hormone levels, including increasing levels of prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary of male rats (Goldman et al. 1986; Gray et al. 1989). In addition to the ATSDR Toxicological Profile that summarizes the health effects of methoxychlor, a Pesticide Information Profile that summarizes the ecological effects of methoxychlor is available on the web (http://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/mfs/01/pips/methoxyc.htm). Methoxychlor is slightly toxic to bird species, with reported acute oral LD
50
values of greater than 2,000 mg/kg in the mallard duck, sharp-tailed grouse, and California quail (Hudson et al., 1984). In contrast, methoxychlor is highly toxic to fish; 96-hour LD
50
values for the technical grade 90% pure chemical are less than 20 ug/L for cutthroat trout, atlantic salmon, brook trout, lake trout, northern pike, and large mouth bass (Johnson and Finley, 1980).ÿ09
There are some health effects data for hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(4-hydroxybenzene) and benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-. In an
in vitro
study evaluating endocrine disruption, hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(4-hydroxybenzene) was found to be estrogenic in MCF-7 cells, promoting cell proliferation and increasing protein synthesis (Olea-Serrano, 1998; Perez et al., 1998). Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis- had estrogenic activity at doses as low as 1 mg/rat (Bitman and Cecil, 1970). No other health or ecological effect studies were available for these two trihaloethylidene bisbenzenes.
iv.
Information needs
. The ITC needs information on uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects.
ÿ09ÿ09
3.
3-Chlorotrifluralin
—i.
Recommendation
. 3-Chlorotrifluralin (CAS No. 29091–20–1) is being added to the
Priority Testing List
to obtain information on uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects. ÿ09ÿ09
ii.
Rationale for Recommendation
. 3-Chlorotrifluralin is a non-HPV chemical that has been produced/imported in substantial amounts (
>
100,000 pounds) and is predicted to persist and bioconcentrate in the environment. It is a chlorinated analog of the herbicide, trifluralin (CAS No. 1582–09–8). Trifluralin causes adverse effects in experimental animals and is considered to be a possible human carcinogen by the USEPA. 3-Chlorotrifluralin has limited toxicity data even though its potential to persist and bioconcentrate in the environment may be greater than trifluralin.ÿ09
iii.
Supporting Information
. 3-Chlorotrifluralin meets the DEBITS criteria and has an estimated BCF of 7,700. There are no available subchronic toxicity studies or ecological effects data on this compound. The LD
50
in mice was determined to be 2,744 mg/kg (Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, 1992). The structurally related trifluralin caused adverse liver and kidney effects in rodents and dogs as a result of subchronic and chronic feeding studies. Trifluralin induced urinary tract tumors (renal pelvis carcinomas and urinary bladder papillomas) and thyroid tumors (adenomas/carcinomas combined) in one animal species (Fisher 344 rats) in one study (USEPA, 2000). Trifluralin is included in the USEPA's TRI PBT rule and is a candidate for regulatory action under the USEPA's PBT Program.ÿ09ÿ09
iv.
Information Needs
. The ITC needs information on uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects.
ÿ09ÿ09
4.
Trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols
—i.
Recommendation
. Four trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols are being added to the
Priority Testing List
to obtain information on uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects (Table 4 of this unit).
Table 4.—Trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols Identified by DEBITS
CAS No.
Trichlorophenyldihydropyrazol
BCF
030707–68–7
3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 5-[(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)amino]-2,4-dihydro-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-
2230
040567–18–8
Benzamide, 3-amino-
N
-[4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-
92
053411–33–9
3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 5-[(5-amino-2-chlorophenyl)amino]-2,4-dihydro-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-
44
063134–25–8
Benzamide,
N
-[4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-3-nitro-
338
ii.
Rationale for recommendation
. The 4 trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols are predicted to persist in the environment. Two of these trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols (CAS Nos. 30707–68–7 and 63134–25–8) are produced/imported in substantial amounts (
>
100,000 pounds) and have potential to bioconcentrate.
iii.
Supporting information
. Two of the four trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols have estimated BCFs
>
250 (Table 4 of this unit). The other two chemicals are structurally related but are predicted to have lower bioconcentration potential. There are no available health or ecological effects studies for any of the trichlorophenyldihydropyrazols.ÿ09ÿ09
iv.
Information needs
. The ITC needs information on uses, exposures, environmental releases, pharmacokinetics, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental effects, carcinogenicity, and ecological effects.
B. Chemicals Removed From the Priority Testing List ÿ09ÿ09
1.
Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates
. In this Report, the ITC is removing 22 alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates that were added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 41
st
Report published in the
Federal Register
of April 9, 1998 (63 FR 17658) ( FRL–5773–5). The 22 alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates are being removed from the
Priority Testing List
because:
i. No domestic production or importation volumes were reported to the USEPA in response to 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998 IURs (indicating that volumes were less than 10,000 pounds per site in 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1997) and
ii. No domestic production or importation volumes were reported to the USEPA in response to the PAIR rule published in the
Federal Register
of July 5, 2000 (65 FR 41371) ( FRL–6589–1) (indicating that volumes were less than 1,000 pounds per site in 1999).
The 22 alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates being removed from the
Priority Testing List
are listed in Table 5 of this unit.
Table 5.— Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Being Removed From the Priority Testing List
CAS No.
Chemical
000136–81–2
Phenol, 2-pentyl-
002446–69–7 ÿ09
Phenol, 4-hexyl-
002589–78–8 ÿ09
Phenol, 4-hexadecyl-
003279–27–4 ÿ09
Phenol, 2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-
009004–87–9 ÿ09
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(iso octylphenyl)-
ω
-hydroxy-
009063–89–2 ÿ09
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α- (octylphenyl)-
ω
-hydroxy-
025401–86–9 ÿ09
Phenol, 2-hexadecyl-
025735–67–5 ÿ09
Phenol, 4-sec-pentyl-
026401–47–8 ÿ09
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(4-dodecylphenyl)-
ω
-hydroxy-
026401–74–1 ÿ09
Phenol, 2-sec-pentyl-
027157–66–0 ÿ09
Phenol, decyl-
059911–95–4 ÿ09
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(4-hexadecylphenyl)-
ω
-hydroxy-
061723–87–3 ÿ09
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(tridecylphenyl)-
ω
-hydroxy-
068081–86–7 ÿ09
Phenol, nonyl derivs.
068784–24–7 ÿ09
Phenol, C18–30-alkyl derivs.
068891–67–8 ÿ09
Phenol, polypropene derivs.
068954–70–1 ÿ09
Phenol, polyethylene derivs.
070682–80–3 ÿ09
Phenol, tetradecyl-
071902–25–5 ÿ09
Phenol, octenylated
084605–25–4 ÿ09
Phenol, 1-methylhexyl derivs.
091672–41–2 ÿ09
Phenol, 2-nonyl-, branched
112375–89–0ÿ09
Phenol, poly(2,4,4-trimethylpentene) derivs.
2.
Methylal
. Methylal (CAS No. 109–87–5) was added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 42
nd
Report and recommended for information reporting to meet U.S. Government data needs. In response to that recommendation, the USEPA added methylal to the PAIR rule published in the
Federal Register
of July 24, 2000 (65 FR 45535) (FRL–6589–1). The ITC reviewed the data submitted in response to the PAIR rule. These data indicated that in 1999, 10,000 to 500,000 pounds of methylal were produced under controlled release and enclosed conditions, involving
<
10 and 10–100 workers, respectively. Methylal's manufacture was associated with industrial products. The ITC is removing methylal from the
Priority Testing List
because it is being sponsored for testing under the USEPA's HPV Challenge Program. Test plans and data developed under the challenge program may be reviewed to determine if they meet the needs of the U.S. Government.
ÿ09ÿ09
3.
Ethyl silicate
. Ethyl silicate (CAS No. 78–10–4) was also added to the
Priority Testing List
in the ITC's 42
nd
Report and recommended for information reporting to meet U.S. Government data needs. In response to that recommendation, the USEPA added ethyl silicate to the PAIR rule published in the
Federal Register
of July 24, 2000 (65 FR 45535) (FRL–6589–1) and the
ITC received voluntary use and toxicity data from the Silicones Environmental Health and Safety Council (SEHSC). Data submitted in response to the PAIR rule indicated that in 1999, 10,000 to 500,000 pounds of ethyl silicate were produced under enclosed conditions, that 10–100 workers were involved in the production of ethyl silicate under those conditions and that ethyl silicate's manufacture and customer uses were associated with industrial products. SEHSC's voluntary submissions confirmed that ethyl silicate is used as an industrial, not consumer chemical. Toxicity data voluntarily submitted by SEHSC indicated that:
i. Ethyl silicate's rat oral LD
50
was 5,920 mg/kg (Smyth et al., 1949);
ii. No deaths occurred when rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were exposed to 50 and 88 ppm ethyl silicate for 90 days and the only significant observation was a depression in kidney weights in the mice exposed to 88 ppm ethyl silicate (Pozzani and Carpenter, 1951);
iii. The mutagenic potential of ethyl silicate was evaluated using the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), and Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) assays; the only significant mutagenic effect was seen in the UDS assay (Slesinski et al., 1981).
The ITC is removing ethyl silicate from the
Priority Testing List
because it is being sponsored for testing under the USEPA's HPV Challenge Program. Test plans and data developed under the challenge program may be reviewed to determine if they meet the needs of the U.S. Government.
V. References
1. ATSDR. 2000. Toxicological Profile for Methoxychlor. Update— DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT edition. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.
2. Berdasco, N., Lomax, L., Zimmer, M., and Hanley, T. 1988. Teratologic evaluation of orally administered nitrapyrin in rats and rabbits.
Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology
. 11(3):464–471.
3. Bitman, J. and Cecil, H.C. 1970. Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls.
Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry
. 18:1108–12.
4. Confidential. 1984a. Summary of results from several genotoxicity studies with 2- chloro-5-trichloromethyl pyridine; EPA Document No. 88–8500683; Fiche No. OTS0509740.
5. Confidential. 1984b. The mutagenicity evaluation of 2-chloro-5-trichloromethyl pyridine in the Ames test with cover letter dated 121284; EPA Document No. 88–85704; Fiche No. OTS0509740.
6. Confidential. 1984c. Substance H.109345: a cytogenetic study in human lymphocytes (
in vitro
) and an evaluation in the
Salmonella
mutagenicity assay with cover letter dated 122684; EPA Document No. 88–8500713; Fiche No. OTS0509740.
7. Confidential. 1986. Two-week inhalation toxicity study in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (company sanitized) with cover letter dated 101686; EPA Document No. FYI-OTS-1086-0473; Fiche No. OTS0000473_1.
8. Dow Chemical Co. 1991. Initial submission: 2-chloro-5-trichloromethyl pyridine: two-week inhalation toxicity study in b6c3f1 mice (final report) with attachment and cover letter (sanitized). EPA Document No. 88–920000186S; Fiche No. OTS0534636.
9. Goldman, J.M., Cooper, R.L., and Rehnberg, G.L., et al. 1986. Effects of low subchronic doses of methoxychlor on the rat hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive axis.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
. 86:474–483.
10. Gray, L.E., Otsby, J.S., and Ferrell, J.M., et al. 1989. A dose-response analysis of methoxychlor-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat.
Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology
. 12:92-108.
11. Hazelton Laboratories. 1992. Initial submission: three-week dermal toxicity study in the rat with cover letter. EPA Document No. 88–920007444; Fiche No. OTS0545698.
12. Hudson, R.H., Tucker, R.K., and Haegele, M.A. 1984. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife, Resource Publication 153. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. pp. 6–54.
13. Johnson, W.W. and Finley, M.T. 1980. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates, Resource Publication 137. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. pp. 6–56.
14. Olea-Serrano, M.F., Pulgar, R., Perez, P., Metzler, M., Pedraza, V., and Olea, N. 1998. Bisphenols:
in vitro
effects.
Hormonal Active Agents Food, Symposium
. 1998:161–180.
15. Perez, P., Pulgar, R., Olea-Serrano, F., Villalobos, M., Rivas, A., Metzler, M., Pedraza, V., and Olea, N. 1998. The estrogenicity of bisphenol A-related diphenylalkanes with various substituents at the central carbon and the hydroxy groups.
Environmental Health Perspectives
. 106(3):167–174.
16. Pozzani, U.C. and Carpenter, C.P. 1951. Response of Rodents to Repeated Inhalation of Vapors of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate.
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine
. 4:465–468.
17. Redemann, C., Williams, E., Clark, H., and Kaku, J. 1966. The excretion of
n
-6-chloropicolinoyl glycine by the dog fed 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine.
Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry
. 14(5):530–532.
18. Russom, C.L., Bradbury S.P., Braiders S.J., Hammermeister D.E., and Drummond R.A. 1997. Predicting modes of toxic action from chemical structure: Acute toxicity in the fathead minnow (Pimephales Promelas).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
. 16(5):948–967.
19. Slesinski, R.S., Guzzie, P.J., Hengler, W.C., and Wagner, K.J. 1981. TetraethylOrthosilicate-
In Vitro
Mutagenesis Studies-3-Test Battery. Export, PA: Bushy Run Research Center, Project Report 44–68, June 1981.
20. Smyth, H.F., Jr., Carpenter, C.P., and Weil, C.S. 1949. Range-Finding Toxicity Data, List III.
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
. 31:60–62.
21. USEPA. 2000. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Trifluralin, oral RfD last revised 7/89, cancer assessment updated 10/93. Online chemical toxicity database, available at www.epa.gov/iris, accessed 12/00.
22. Zeiger, E., Anderson, B., Haworth, S., Lawlor, T., and Mortelmans, K. 1988. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: IV. Results from the testing of 300 chemical.
Environmental Molecular Mutagenesis
. 11(s12):1–158.
VI. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee
Statutory Organizations and Their Representatives
Council on Environmental Quality
Vacant
Department of Commerce
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Robert Huie, Member
Barbara C. Levin, Alternate
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
Vacant
Environmental Protection Agency
Paul Campanella, Member
David R. Williams, Alternate
National Cancer Institute
Alan Poland, Member
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Scott Masten, Member, Chair
William Eastin, Alternate
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Albert E. Munson, Member
Mark Toraason, Alternate
National Science Foundation
A. Frederick Thompson, Member
Marge Cavanaugh, Alternate
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Val H. Schaeffer, Member, Vice Chair
Lyn Penniman, Alternate
Liaison Organizations and Their Representatives
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
William Cibulas, Member
Stephanie Miles-Richardson, Alternate
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Jacqueline Ferrante, Member
Treye Thomas, Alternate
Department of Agriculture
Clifford P. Rice, Member
Laurau L. McConnell, Alternate
Department of Defense
Barbara Larcom, Member
Kenneth Still, Alternate
José Centeno, Alternate
Department of the Interior
Barnett A. Rattner, Member
Food and Drug Administration
David Hatten, Alternate
National Library of Medicine
Vera W. Hudson, Member
National Toxicology Program
NIEHS, FDA, and NIOSH Members
Counsel
Scott Sherlock, OPPT, EPA
Technical Support Contractor
Syracuse Research Corporation
ITC Staff
John D. Walker, Executive Director
Norma S. L. Williams, Executive Assistant
TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7401), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone: (202) 564–7527; fax: (202) 564–7528; e-mail address: williams.norma@epa.gov; url: http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/itc.