SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

 

The Railroad Safety Improvement Act of 2008

Pursuant to section 103 of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110-432, Div. A, or “RSIA”) (codified at 49 U.S.C. 20156) and a delegation from the Secretary (49 CFR 1.49(oo) ^[1] ), FRA is conducting rulemakings to issue rules by October 16, 2012 that would require the establishment of risk reduction programs by certain passenger and freight railroads. As part of these risk reduction programs, railroads would have to produce detailed analyses of the hazards and risks present in the railroad working environment in order to develop processes to eliminate these hazards and risks. In section 109 of the RSIA (codified at 49 U.S.C. 20118-20119), Congress determined that for these programs to be effective, the risk analyses must, subject to a few exceptions, be shielded from production in response to Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests.^[2] See49 U.S.C. 20118.

In lieu of including a statutory provision that would shield the risk analysis information from production and use in litigation, Congress mandated a study. In Section 109 of the RSIA, codified at 49 U.S.C. 20119, Congress directed FRA to evaluate whether it is in the public interest (including public safety and the legal rights of persons injured in railroad accidents) to withhold from discovery or admission into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding for damages against a railroad carrier certain information compiled or collected for a safety risk reduction program required by FRA. 49 U.S.C. 20119(a). In conducting this study, FRA is required to solicit input from railroads, railroad non-profit employee labor organizations, railroad accident victims and their families, and the general public.

The Secretary has delegated the responsibility to carry out this provision to the Administrator of FRA. 49 CFR 1.49(oo). In accordance with section 109 of the RSIA, FRA is therefore issuing this notice to solicit public comments on whether it is in the public interest to protect railroad risk reduction information from production and use in litigation. Once the mandated study is completed, FRA may, if it is in the public interest, prescribe a rule to address the results of the study. Any such final rule would not become effective until one year after its adoption.

Section 109 of the RSIA specifically refers to public safety as a component of the public interest to be evaluated in the study. Comments received by FRA in response to its advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) on a risk reduction program indicate that railroads are reluctant to participate in the development of a statutorily mandated risk reduction program rule and to provide comprehensive risk analyses that might be used against them in litigation. See49 U.S.C. 20156 and 75 FR 76345 (December 8, 2010), Docket No. FRA-2009-0038. The purpose of shielding sensitive risk information from production in private litigation would be to encourage a railroad to describe its safety vulnerabilities, including its security vulnerabilities, and the mitigation measures it has identified with which it will address those risks, in documents that are not simply recitations of platitudes or pamphlets suitable for public relations campaigns but instead serious, comprehensive, and in-depth analyses. In other words, because railroads have indicated that they would be reluctant to produce comprehensive risk reduction analyses if they may be released in response to discovery requests or used in litigation, safety may be enhanced by prohibiting their release.

In addition to the public interest in railroad safety, section 109 of the RSIA also mentions specifically the legal rights and interests of persons injured in railroad accidents. There are numerous lawsuits each year against railroads that involve matters such as passenger train accidents, rail-highway grade crossing accidents, and railroad employee injuries. If the risk reduction information that would be generated and collected by the railroads under FRA's risk reduction programs were protected from discovery and use in these types of private lawsuits, another important question is whether private litigants would be disadvantaged by that protection.

Accordingly, FRA is soliciting comments on the following issues:

• Whether and how railroad safety and railroad risk reduction programs would be impacted if risk reduction information collected for these programs were discoverable and could be used in litigation; and
• Whether and how the legal rights of persons injured in railroad accidents would be impacted if railroad risk reduction program information were protected from discovery and use in litigation.

These specific questions are not intended to limit the comments; if there are other issues applicable to the protection of railroad risk information from use in litigation that commenters believe should be addressed, FRA invites a discussion of those issues.

Once the comment period has closed, FRA will evaluate, digest and summarize the comments. The public comments will then be used as part of a final study report to fulfill the requirements of 49 U.S.C. 20119 in determining whether it is in the public interest to protect railroad risk reduction information from discovery and use in litigation. If, based on the final study report, FRA were to conclude that it would be in the overall public interest to protect such information, FRA would then prepare and issue a notice of proposed rulemaking requesting public comment on draft regulations regarding limitations on the use of railroad risk information in litigation. The final study report will be made available to the public.

Supplemental Materials

To assist commenters in evaluating and discussing the issues at hand, FRA will place several items in the public docket for review.

First, FRA will put in the docket copies of the applicable statutes relating to the establishment of railroad risk reduction programs, the statutory protection of railroad risk reduction information from FOIA, and the statutory requirement for the study on the protection of railroad risk reduction information from discovery and use in litigation.

Second, FRA will put in the docket a copy of a report (produced by FRA's contractor for the study) that discusses existing Federal government programs, both within and outside of DOT, that protect similar types of risk information from use in litigation, and the ( printed page 26684) mechanisms by which that information is protected. The report provides an overview of the legal means by which certain types of information provided to the Federal government are protected from disclosure. Part II of the report identifies certain existing legal principles applicable to disclosure of information held by the Federal government, focusing on FOIA and the discovery process in Federal and State court litigation. Part III summarizes the RSIA's statutory requirements regarding the establishment of risk reduction programs, and summarizes FRA's actions to date to implement the RSIA's requirements. Parts IV and V provide an overview of a number of statutes and regulations that limit access to information submitted to DOT and other Federal government agencies. Within each Part, the report describes programs under which disclosure of safety-related information has been specifically limited by statute or regulation. The report also discusses programs that provide various degrees of protection for certain types of non-safety-related information.

Regulatory Notices

Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of any written communications and comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the document (or signing the document, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70, pages 19477-78) or online at http://www.dot.gov/​privacy.html.