SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains under the control of the NYU College of Dentistry, New York City, NY. The human remains were removed from unknown sites in the State of Tennessee.

This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3) and 43 CFR 10.11(d). The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native American human remains. The National Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.

Consultation

A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by the NYU College of Dentistry professional staff in consultation with representatives of the Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, The Chickasaw Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma.

History and Description of the Remains

Between 1868 and 1869, human remains representing, at minimum, 4 individuals were removed by Dr. Joseph Jones of Nashville, TN, from sites in the State of Tennessee. Dr. Jones kept ledgers that illustrated and described many of the human remains and objects that he collected. He published the results of his excavations in Volume 22 ( printed page 14493) of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. In 1906, Dr. Jones' widow sold his collection, including the human remains from Tennessee, to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. In 1956, the Museum of the American Indian transferred some of the crania and mandibles from Jones' excavations to Dr. Theodore Kazamiroff of the NYU College of Dentistry.

The human remains under the control of the NYU College of Dentistry represent the following: One young adult male removed from an unknown site on the Harpeth River, likely in Williamson County, TN; one adult male of indeterminate age and one individual of indeterminate age and sex removed from an unknown site, TN; and one probable male adult removed from a stone grave at an unknown site, TN. No known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects are present.

The human remains described in this notice have been determined to be Native American through a combination of collector records, site information, and forensic data. In his catalog, Jones identifies the remains as Native American. The graves from which the human remains were removed all predate European contact, and therefore the human remains are assumed to be Native American based on their age. During forensic examination, diagnostic features of Native American individuals were identified.

Although the specific sites from which the remains were removed are not known, Jones excavated sites along the Cumberland and Big Harpeth Rivers in present-day Davidson and Williamson counties. The sites he excavated date to the Thruston phase (A.D. 1250-1450) and were abandoned after that time. During consultations, tribal representatives identified the area as the ancestral lands of southeastern Indian Tribes, but noted that there is difficulty in establishing a specific cultural affiliation due to the complexity of the region, broadly shared material culture, and the lack of information to trace specific migrations out of the region after A.D. 1450.

Historically, the area from which the human remains were removed was claimed by both the Cherokee and the Chickasaw peoples. The 1785 Treaty of Hopewell officially delineated the boundary between the Cherokee and Chickasaw lands. The Cherokee retained rights to land in modern-day Davidson County, TN, and most of modern-day Williamson County, TN. The Chickasaw retained rights to the land in the southern and western portions of modern-day Williamson County, TN. Both the Cherokee and Chickasaw ceded their lands in Davidson and/or Williamson counties, TN, to the U.S. Government in the Treaty of 1805. Without knowing the precise location of the burial sites, it is not possible to determine if the human remains were removed from the ceded lands of the Cherokee or the Chickasaw, but it is likely that they were removed from the area represented by their combined land claims in Davidson and Williamson counties.

Determinations Made by the NYU College of Dentistry

Officials of the NYU College of Dentistry have determined that:

• Pursuant to25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described in this notice are Native American.
• Pursuant to25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described in this notice represent the physical remains of, at a minimum, 4 individuals of Native American ancestry.
• Pursuant to25 U.S.C. 3001(2), a relationship of shared group identity cannot be reasonably traced between the Native American human remains and any present-day Indian Tribe.
• Treaties indicate that the land from which the Native American human remains were removed is the aboriginal land of the Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, The Chickasaw Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma.
• Pursuant to43 CFR 10.11(c)(1), the disposition of the human remains may be to the Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, The Chickasaw Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma.

Additional Requestors and Disposition

Representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains should submit a written request with information in support of the request to Dr. Louis Terracio, NYU College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, telephone (212) 998-9717, email louis.terracio@nyu.edu, by May 4, 2018. After that date, if no additional requestors have come forward, transfer of control of the human remains to the Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, The Chickasaw Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma may proceed.

The NYU College of Dentistry is responsible for notifying the Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, The Chickasaw Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma that this notice has been published.