SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The subsistence use of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands is governed by regulations established under the Fur Seal Act in 50 CFR 216.71-74. These regulations were most recently revised on October 30, 2014 (79 FR 65327, November 4, 2014), and September 27, 2019 (84 FR 52372, October 2, 2019), to increase food security, consistent with traditional and cultural practices, and deregulate aspects of the subsistence use of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. ACSPI, TCSGI, and AMMC report that Alaska Native subsistence users have experienced the direct effects of climate change through unprecedented storm frequency, timing, and duration. This has resulted in the reduction of the availability of and opportunity to obtain subsistence resources. As a result, the ACSPI, TCSGI, and the AMMC submitted requests to NMFS to change the regulations to expand fur seal hunting and harvesting opportunities to meet their customary and traditional needs and practices, as well as their subsistence needs. NMFS considers these requests to be a formal petition for rulemaking under the APA. The requests are as follows: ( printed page 77246)

1. Change the Current Hunting Season on St. Paul Island

On November 2, 2022, ACSPI requested in a letter to NMFS that representatives from NMFS and ACSPI investigate the feasibility of changing the duration of the hunting season on St. Paul Island. Subsequent discussions by the St. Paul Island Marine Mammal Co-Management Council (which includes both NMFS and ACSPI representatives) identified regulatory changes to create greater food security and subsistence use opportunities on St. Paul Island.

Current regulations at 50 CFR 216.72(e)(1) allow subsistence hunting of northern fur seals with firearms from January 1 through May 31, annually. ACSPI requests NMFS modify regulations to allow the annual hunting season with firearms to begin October 15 and end consistent with the provisions at 50 CFR 216.72(g)(1)(i). This would result in a northern fur seal hunting season with firearms on St. Paul Island from October 15 through May 31, or when the overall quota for a calendar year is reached (2,000 juvenile male fur seals). ACSPI did not request any change to the overall quota of 2,000 juvenile northern fur seal males or the female mortality limit of 20 northern fur seals. Therefore, NMFS is not considering any changes to the quota or female mortality limit at this time.

2. Create a Hunting Season on St. George Island

Current regulations at 50 CFR 216.72(d) do not allow subsistence use of northern fur seals with firearms on St. George Island. The regulatory changes in 2014 (79 FR 65327, November 4, 2014) and 2019 (84 FR 52372, October 2, 2019) did not contemplate a hunting season to use firearms to take fur seals for subsistence on St. George Island.

The TCSGI submitted a letter to NMFS on June 8, 2023, requesting equitable subsistence hunting opportunities for the community of St. George by creating a hunting season using firearms annually from October 15 to May 31, similar to that proposed on St. Paul Island. The letter requested no change to the overall quota of 500 juvenile males, 150 male pups, or the female mortality limit of 3 northern fur seals. Therefore, NMFS is not considering any changes to the quota or female mortality limit at this time.

3. Create a Hunting Season and Associated Upper Take Limit in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska

On May 1, 2023, AMMC submitted a letter to NMFS outlining their interest in resuming their traditional subsistence practices of taking fur seals. Harvesting fur seals on land in the Aleutian Islands is not practical, as the only breeding location is the uninhabited Bogoslof Island. However, northern fur seals migrate through the AMMC region ( i.e., the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula), which if authorized for subsistence use, could provide an additional subsistence resource for AMMC member communities. The 2019 Alaska Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Report (SAR) indicates declining availability of harbor seals over the past decade in the Aleutian Islands (Muto et al., 2020). The 2019 SAR for the Western Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of Steller sea lion, which includes most sea lions in the Aleutian Islands where hunting may occur, also notes historically low abundance and availability in this region (some Eastern DPS animals may occur in the area, but it is unclear to what extent) (Jemison et al., 2013; Jemison et al., 2018; Muto et al., 2020). Both harbor seals and Steller sea lions are important subsistence resources in the Aleutian region, and hunting of northern fur seals for subsistence would improve food security for AMMC member tribes. The AMMC letter requests a revision of the regulations at 50 CFR 216.72(b) to allow a total take of 100 non-breeding male fur seals by hunting with firearms from November 1 through April 30 in the AMMC region from their 11 member tribes in the communities of Atka, Belkofski, Akutan, False Pass, Agdaagux, Nelson Lagoon, Nikolski, Pauloff Harbor, Qagan Tayagungin, Unalaska, and Unga.

Request for Information

The Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, has determined that the petition contains enough information to enable NMFS to consider the substance of the petition. NMFS solicits public comment on these three related requests to modify regulations that govern the taking of fur seals for subsistence purposes by Alaska Native residents of the Pribilof and Aleutian Islands. NMFS is particularly interested in information that would allow an evaluation of the effects these potential changes may have on food security, the fur seal population, and the temporal and spatial distribution of hunting effort. NMFS will consider public comments received in determining whether to proceed with the requested regulations revisions. Upon determining whether to initiate the requested rulemaking, the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, will publish in the Federal Register the Agency's notice of proposed rulemaking with a request for public comment.

References

Jemison, L.A., G.W. Pendleton, L.W. Fritz, K.K. Hastings, J.M. Maniscalco, A.W. Trites, and T.S. Gelatt. 2013. Inter-population movements of Steller sea lions in Alaska with implications for population separation. PLoS ONE 8(8):e70167.

Jemison, L.A., G.W. Pendleton, K.K. Hastings, J.M. Maniscalco, and L.W. Fritz. 2018. Spatial distribution, movements, and geographic range of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska. PLoS ONE 13(12):e0208093.

Muto, M.M., V.T. Helker, B.J. Delean, R.P. Angliss, P.L. Boveng, J.M. Breiwick, B.M. Brost, M.F. Cameron, P.J. Clapham, S.P. Dahle, M.E. Dahlheim, B.S. Fadely, M.C. Ferguson, L.W. Fritz, R.C. Hobbs, Y.V. Ivaschenko, A.S. Kennedy, J.M. London, S.A. Mizroch, R.R. Ream, E.L. Richmond, K.E.W. Shelden, K.L. Sweeney, R.G. Towell, P.R. Wade, J.M. Waite, and A.N. Zerbini. 2020. Alaska Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, 2019. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, July 2020. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-404, 395 pp.